2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.03.026
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Activation of adjuvant core response genes by the novel adjuvant PCEP

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Cited by 44 publications
(42 citation statements)
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“…Similarly, a novel adjuvant, poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP), induced stronger expression of adjuvant core response genes compared to CpG at the site of injection. Locally, PCEP triggered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including CCL2 (Awate et al, 2012). …”
Section: Up-regulation Of Cytokines and Chemokines Leading To Cellulamentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Similarly, a novel adjuvant, poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP), induced stronger expression of adjuvant core response genes compared to CpG at the site of injection. Locally, PCEP triggered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including CCL2 (Awate et al, 2012). …”
Section: Up-regulation Of Cytokines and Chemokines Leading To Cellulamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, many adjuvants induce release of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of injection (Didierlaurent et al, 2009; Calabro et al, 2011; Awate et al, 2012). These damage signals trigger non-specific activation of the innate immune system, subsequently stimulating adaptive immunity.…”
Section: Activation Of Inflammasomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Polyphosphazenes on the other hand activate the inflammasome leading to DC activation and maturation, as assessed by upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines and enhanced antigen presentation in the context of MHC molecules. 16,52,53 Importantly, without a co-delivered danger signal NPs cannot induce DC maturation, which in turn explains the week responses observed when mice were immunized with the model antigen OVA and either of the polyphosphazenes alone. Thus, danger signal plus antigen presentation (signal 1) plus expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines (signal 2) efficiently activate adaptive immune responses such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was reported recently that PCEP can induce time-dependent changes in the gene expression of many "adjuvant core response genes" including cytokines, chemokines, innate immune receptors, IFN-induced genes, adhesion molecules and antigen-presentation genes, upregulate the gene expression of the inflammasome receptor, NLRP3, and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, and IL-18 at the site of injection [ 154 ]. Since the secretion of these cytokines is predominantly a result of activation of the inflammasome, which leads to the processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, authors suggest that PCEP may modulate antigen-specific immune responses by activating early innate immune responses and promoting a strong immuno-stimulatory environment at the site of injection [ 154 ]. Furthermore, intramuscular injection of mice with PCEP induced significant recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, DCs, and lymphocytes at the site of injection as well as in the draining lymph nodes [ 155 ].…”
Section: "Next Generation" Polyphosphazene Adjuvantsmentioning
confidence: 99%