Activation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in<i>Gerbera hybrida</i>(Asteraceae) Suggests Conserved Protein-Protein and Protein-Promoter Interactions between the Anciently Diverged Monocots and Eudicots

Elomaa, Paula; Uimari, Anne; Mehto, Merja; Albert, Victor A.; Laitinen, Roosa A. E.; Teeri, Teemu H.

doi:10.1104/pp.103.026039

Cited by 148 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In situ hybridization analysis using full-length GhCYC2 probe was performed as in ref. 39, with the following exceptions: probe concentration was 0.7 g/ml/kb and detection time was 40 -45 h. SEM analysis of the Gerbera flower primordia was performed as described in ref. 5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

Broholm

Tähtiharju

Laitinen

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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214

249

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Several key processes in plant development are regulated by TCP transcription factors. CYCLOIDEA-like (CYC-like) TCP domain proteins have been shown to control flower symmetry in distantly related plant lineages. Gerbera hybrida, a member of one of the largest clades of angiosperms, the sunflower family (Asteraceae), is an interesting model for developmental studies because its elaborate inflorescence comprises different types of flowers that have specialized structures and functions. The morphological differentiation of flower types involves gradual changes in flower size and symmetry that follow the radial organization of the densely packed inflorescence. Differences in the degree of petal fusion further define the distinct shapes of the Gerbera flower types. To study the role of TCP transcription factors during specification of this complex inflorescence organization, we characterized the CYC-like homolog GhCYC2 from Gerbera. The expression of GhCYC2 follows a gradient along the radial axis of the inflorescence. GhCYC2 is expressed in the marginal, bilaterally symmetrical ray flowers but not in the centermost disk flowers, which are nearly radially symmetrical and have significantly less fused petals. Overexpression of GhCYC2 causes disk flowers to obtain morphologies similar to ray flowers. Both expression patterns and transgenic phenotypes suggest that GhCYC2 is involved in differentiation among Gerbera flower types, providing the first molecular evidence that CYC-like TCP factors take part in defining the complex inflorescence structure of the Asteraceae, a major determinant of the family's evolutionary success.CYCLOIDEA ͉ flower development ͉ evo-devo ͉ organ fusion

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

Broholm

Tähtiharju

Laitinen

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

214

249

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“…They also served as marker genes in studies of inflorescence development since pigmentation patterns in various gerbera varieties are strictly correlated with the anatomy of the complex inflorescence (Helariutta et al 1995b). More recent studies have identified a number of regulatory genes that are required for organ and tissue specific activation of biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin pigmentation (Elomaa et al , 2003. These studies have provided intrinsic scientific information about transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants.…”

Section: Biotechnology In Horticultural Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops

Elomaa¹,

Joensuu²,

Korpelainen³

et al. 2008

AFSci

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Plants bind solar energy to organic matter via photosynthesis and assimilation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and comprise the major source of nutrition and bioenergy. Plant biotechnology contributes to solution of important constraints in food and feed production and creates new technologies and applications for the sustainable use of plant resources. Genome-wide approaches such as massive parallel sequencing and microarrays to study gene expression, molecular markers for selection of important traits in breeding, characterization of genetic diversity with the aforementioned approaches, and somatic hybridization and genetic transformation are important tools in plant biotechnology. In this paper, studies carried out on enhanced resistance to viruses and tolerance of cold stress in potato, genetic modification of flower pigmentation and morphology in gerbera, production of edible vaccines in transgenic barley seeds, and expression of heterologous proteins for pharmaceutical purposes from vector viruses were chosen to exemplify the general utility of biotechnological approaches and also how plant biotechnology research has developed on cultivated plants at University of Helsinki. The studies reveal cellular and genetic mechanisms and provide scientific information that can be used for widening the uses of crop plants. They can also be used to detect any putative risks associated with the use of the biotechnological application in agriculture and horticulture and to develop practises which reduce any inadvertent negative consequences that plant production may have to the environment.

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“…In1 is a negative regulator of anthocyanin synthesis, which gives an intense purple color when mutated, whereas Rc is a positive regulator of proanthocyanidin synthesis, which has no color when the function is lost (Burr et al, 1996). All of the other genes on the tree whose functions have been established are positive regulators, suggesting that the ancestral function is positive regulation (Goff et al, 1992;Nesi et al, 2000;Spelt et al, 2000;Sakamoto et al, 2001;Bernhardt et al, 2003;Elomaa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caught Red-Handed:RcEncodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein Conditioning Red Pericarp in Rice

et al. 2006

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Rc is a domestication-related gene required for red pericarp in rice (Oryza sativa). The red grain color is ubiquitous among the wild ancestors of O. sativa, in which it is closely associated with seed shattering and dormancy. Rc encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that was fine-mapped to an 18.5-kb region on rice chromosome 7 using a cross between Oryza rufipogon (red pericarp) and O. sativa cv Jefferson (white pericarp). Sequencing of the alleles from both mapping parents as well as from two independent genetic stocks of Rc revealed that the dominant red allele differed from the recessive white allele by a 14-bp deletion within exon 6 that knocked out the bHLH domain of the protein. A premature stop codon was identified in the second mutant stock that had a light red pericarp. RT-PCR experiments confirmed that the Rc gene was expressed in both red-and white-grained rice but that a shortened transcript was present in white varieties. Phylogenetic analysis, supported by comparative mapping in rice and maize (Zea mays), showed that Rc, a positive regulator of proanthocyanidin, is orthologous with INTENSIFIER1, a negative regulator of anthocyanin production in maize, and is not in the same clade as rice bHLH anthocyanin regulators.

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Activation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis inGerbera hybrida(Asteraceae) Suggests Conserved Protein-Protein and Protein-Promoter Interactions between the Anciently Diverged Monocots and Eudicots

Cited by 148 publications

References 60 publications

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence

Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops

Caught Red-Handed:RcEncodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein Conditioning Red Pericarp in Rice

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