Activation of brain regions in rats during food-intake operant behavior

Morimoto, Akio; Suzumi, M. Tokuoka; Sakata, Yoshiyuki; Murakami, Naotoshi

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90237-3

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Autoradiographic techniques using glucose analogues (Sokoloff et al ., 1977; Sokoloff, 1992), such as deoxyglucose and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), have increased the ability to study the functioning nervous system, including behavioural and learning effects (e.g. Martinez et al ., 1982; Morimoto et al ., 1984; Harvey et al ., 1988; Cahill et al ., 1996; Bontempi et al ., 1999; Landers & Sullivan, 1999; Prins & Hovda, 2001). Previous FDG studies in this laboratory have investigated learning effects that involve different components of behavioural inhibition such as habituation (Gonzalez‐Lima et al ., 1989), differential auditory conditioning (Gonzalez‐Lima & Agudo, 1990; Gonzalez‐Lima, 1992), Pavlovian conditioned inhibition (McIntosh & Gonzalez‐Lima, 1994, 1995), and extinction of instrumental behaviour (Nair & Gonzalez‐Lima, 1999; Nair et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative effects of Pavlovian differential inhibition of behaviour

Jones

González-Lima

2001

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The associative inhibitory control of behaviour is a major component of Pavlovian learning theory, but little is known about its functional neuroanatomy. The associative effects of differential inhibition of conditioned behaviour were investigated by mapping learning-related changes in brain activity of the rat with fluorodeoxyglucose autoradiography. Of interest was how a tone is processed in auditory and extra-auditory systems of the rat brain under similar behavioural, but different associative conditions. Conditioned emotional suppression to drink was used to assess training, and summation tests were used to verify that the tone became an inhibitor of conditioned behaviour. In the Inhibitor group, presentations of a tone stimulus alone were intermixed with presentations of a light stimulus followed by footshock. In the Pseudorandom group, the same numbers of tone, light and footshock presentations were used, but they were presented in a pseudorandom fashion. After training, fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was measured during tone presentations. Behavioural responding to the tone was similar during fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the two groups, yet associative effects were found in brain activity. In the auditory system, the tone produced reduced fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in major relay nuclei (cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus) in the Inhibitor group relative to the Pseudorandom group. The tone inhibitor produced similar decreases in the septohippocampal system and the retrosplenial cortex. In contrast, the tone inhibitor produced activity increases in somatosensory and reticulocerebellar systems. The findings provide the first detailed map of neural regions involved in the learned associations controlling differential inhibition of conditioned behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative effects of Pavlovian differential inhibition of behaviour

Jones

González-Lima

2001

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Despite potential problems with the technique suggested by these concerns, the pattern of results from this initial analysis argues for its utility and validity. The data reveal a sensitivity to changes in neural activity in regions logically consistent with ingestive responding and oral sensory stimulation (many of these have been shown to become active in DG studies with adults; e.g., Gonzalez & Sharp, 1985;Morimoto, Suzumi, Sakata, & Murakami, 1984;Roberts, 1980). With the exception of some interesting and consistent decreases in activity in the thalamus, few other shifts in activity were identified in these brains, results suggesting that the procedures were not capriciously turning up differences from data sampling or density transformation artifacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Neural systems for early independent ingestion: Regional metabolic changes during ingestive responding and dehydration.

Hall¹

1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The ingestive behavior of young rodents, studied independently of the mother and suckling, provides a system for the developmental analysis of the neurobiology of feeding and drinking. In these experiments regional neural metabolic activity, as assessed by semiquantitative deoxyglucose (DG) autoradiography, was related to dehydration and ingestive behavior in 6-day-old rat pups. During simple ingestive responding, changes in relative DG uptake, representative of changes in neural metabolic activity, occurred primarily in hindbrain sensory and motor nuclei. Producing cellular dehydration resulted in activity changes primarily in the basal forebrain. When pups were dehydrated and allowed to ingest during the DG-uptake period, activity changes were seen in both the hindbrain and forebrain areas that responded to ingestion or dehydration alone as well as in regions that were not affected by either manipulation alone. These latter changes, which result from an interaction of behavioral and physiological stimuli, call attention to areas that may subserve motivational aspects of behavior. Extracellular dehydration was found to produce fewer and different forebrain responses in neural metabolic activity. During ingestion, the only effects of extracellular dehydration that overlapped with those of cellular dehydration appeared in circumventricular hypothalamic regions and brain stem motor nuclei. Thus, there appeared to be only a limited final common pathway for these two types of dehydration-induced drinking. Taken together, these findings in infant rats depict distributed neural systems subserving ingestion and responding to state change. They provide a starting point early in ontogeny for the developmental analysis of neural substrates of ingestive systems.

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“…The former area in the parietal cortex is involved with direct taste perception, as it contains the somatosensory maps of the mouth, lips, and tongue. The cerebellum has been suggested to play an important role in the control of food intake, since glucose uptake there increased during bar pressing behavior anticipating food reward in rats [9], while stimulation of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus affected the neuronal activity of the lateral hypothalamic area [10]. The involvement of the above brain regions in the physiological cerebral response to palatable food sensing was confirmed in a cross-over study in 12 healthy lean subjects (mean BMI 24 kg/m 2 ) who were exposed to the sight, smell, and taste of either a palatable or neutral (non-food) stimuli on two separate days [11].…”

Section: Brain Glucose Metabolism and Blood Flow In Obesity: The Cerementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain PET Imaging in Obesity and Food Addiction: Current Evidence and Hypothesis

Iozzo

Guiducci²,

Guzzardi³

et al. 2012

Obes Facts

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The ongoing epidemics of obesity is one main health concern of the present time. Overeating in some obese individuals shares similarities with the loss of control and compulsive behavior observed in drug-addicted subjects, suggesting that obesity may involve food addiction. Here, we review the contributions provided by the use of positron emission tomography to the current understanding of the cerebral control of obesity and food intake in humans. The available studies have shown that multiple areas in the brain are involved with the reward properties of food, such as prefrontal, orbitofrontal, somatosensory cortices, insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and others. This review summarizes the current evidence, supporting the concepts that i) regions involved in the somatosensory response to food sight, taste, and smell are activated by palatable foods and may be hyperresponsive in obese individuals, ii) areas controlling executive drive seem to overreact to the anticipation of pleasure during cue exposure, and iii) those involved in cognitive control and inhibitory behavior may be resistant to the perception of reward after food exposure in obese subjects. All of these features may stimulate, for different reasons, ingestion of highly palatable and energy-rich foods. Though these same regions are similarly involved in drug abusers and game-addicted individuals, any direct resemblance may be an oversimplification, especially as the heterogeneities between studies and the prevalent exclusion of sensitive groups still limit a coherent interpretation of the findings. Further work is required to comprehensively tackle the multifaceted phenotype of obesity and identify the role of food dependency in its pathophysiology.

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Activation of brain regions in rats during food-intake operant behavior

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Associative effects of Pavlovian differential inhibition of behaviour

Associative effects of Pavlovian differential inhibition of behaviour

Neural systems for early independent ingestion: Regional metabolic changes during ingestive responding and dehydration.

Brain PET Imaging in Obesity and Food Addiction: Current Evidence and Hypothesis

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