Activation of completed, uncompleted, and partially completed intentions.

Marsh, Richard L.; Hicks, Jason L.; Bink, Martin L.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.350

Cited by 257 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Specifically, there was evidence for intention interference (i.e., spontaneous retrieval) when the prospective memory task was suspended but not when it was finished. This finding supports the hypothesis that finished prospective memory intentions undergo deactivation (Marsh et al, 1998). The hypothesis that finished intentions are quickly deactivated stems from research reporting the intention superiority effect (Goschke & Kuhl, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Marsh et al's (1998) finding of slower responding to performed items than to neutral items after the intention (i.e., the script) was performed demonstrates a change in activation of the intention (relative to the higher activation associated with the intention superiority effect). Although Marsh et al (1998) used an intention superiority effect paradigm and not a standard prospective memory task, their results provided initial evidence that, once a prospective memory task is finished, it is inhibited or otherwise deactivated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pertinent for the present purposes, to assess activation, Marsh et al (1998) gave participants a lexical decision task (instead of a recognition test) containing nouns and verbs from the scripts after the participants performed (or observed) the actions from the perform script. Consistent with Goschke and Kuhl's (1993) results, there was no difference in RTs to neutral and to script items when the intention was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for spontaneous retrieval of suspended but not finished prospective memories

2009

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McDaniel and Einstein (2007) argued that prospective memories can be retrieved through spontaneous retrieval processes stimulated by the presence of a target cue. To test this claim, we investigated whether presenting a prospective memory cue during a task that did not require an intention to be performed spontaneously triggered remembering of that intention. In two experiments, participants performed an image-rating task in which a prospective memory task (to press the "Q" key when a target word appeared) was embedded. Then, participants were told that their intention was finished or suspended. Finally, participants performed a lexical decision task in which each target (and a matched control) word appeared. RTs were slower to target words than to control words when the intention was suspended but not when it was finished. These results suggest that target cues associated with suspended intentions can spontaneously trigger remembering but that finished intentions are quickly deactivated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for spontaneous retrieval of suspended but not finished prospective memories

2009

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“…The hypothesis that the observation of others attaining their goals might derail observers’ own goal pursuit is based on past research on goal completion. It is well established that goals are inhibited and cease to influence behaviors when individuals succeed at attaining those goals (Bargh, Gollwitzer, Lee-Chai, Barndollar & Troetschel, 2001; Förster et al, 2005; Marsh, Hicks, & Bink, 1998). For example, participants with a search goal (vs. no goal) showed heightened accessibility of search-related words before a search task, but showed reduced accessibility of those same words after they successfully completed the search task (Förster et al, 2005).…”

Section: Goal Satiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicarious goal satiation

McCulloch

Fitzsimons

Chua

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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A signature feature of self-regulation is that once a goal is satiated, it becomes deactivated, thereby allowing people to engage in new pursuits. The present experiments provide evidence for vicarious goal satiation, a novel phenomenon in which individuals experience “post-completion goal satiation” as a result of unwittingly taking on another person's goal pursuit and witnessing its completion. In Experiments 1 and 2, the observation of a goal being completed (vs. not completed) led to less striving by the observer on the same task. Given that an actor's strength of commitment affects goal contagion, we hypothesized that such commitment would be an important boundary condition for vicarious goal satiation. The results of Experiment 2 showed that observing stronger (vs. weaker) goal commitment lowered accessibility of goal-related words, but only when the goal being observed was completed. Implications of vicarious goal satiation for goal pursuit in everyday environments are discussed.

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“…The authors labeled this reaction-time advantage the intention-superiority effect. The intentionsuperiority effect has been replicated with a more direct measure of accessibility, a lexical-decision task (LDT; Marsh, Hicks, & Bink, 1998;Marsh, Hicks,& Bryan, 1999), and in a more naturalistic setting (Dockree & Ellis, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

On the representation of intentions: Do personally relevant consequences determine activation?

Schult

Steffens

2011

Mem Cogn

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The intention-superiority effect describes shorter latencies for reactions to stimuli intended for future enactment, relative to stimuli associated with no enactment or canceled enactment. Previous attempts to demonstrate an intention-superiority effect for other types of tasks-for instance, observing the experimenter executing actionshave not yielded an intention-superiority effect. A reason for this could be that the typical enactment task was associated with a higher degree of personal relevance than were other laboratory-based tasks and that task importance or its consequences heighten the accessibility of intentionrelevant materials. In two experiments, we demonstrate an intention-superiority effect for different types of tasks (e.g., monitoring a video clip) when task realization has personally relevant consequences in terms of a performance evaluation. In contrast, we found no intention-superiority effect when future enactment had no personally relevant consequences for participants. These findings imply that the intention-superiority effect is not restricted to actions but occurs generally for relevant plans.

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Activation of completed, uncompleted, and partially completed intentions.

Cited by 257 publications

References 29 publications

Evidence for spontaneous retrieval of suspended but not finished prospective memories

Evidence for spontaneous retrieval of suspended but not finished prospective memories

Vicarious goal satiation

On the representation of intentions: Do personally relevant consequences determine activation?

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