“…Furthermore, reduced dopaminergic signaling in the NAc is associated with emotional signs of nicotine withdrawal (Cryan et al, 2003;Paterson et al, 2007). Further confirmation that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system contributes to withdrawal from other addictive drugs would cohere with a growing body of literature demonstrating that it is also involved in a wide variety of aversive behaviors, including conditioned place aversion (Acquas et al, 1989;Calcagnetti and Schechter, 1991;Schechter and Meechan, 1994;Liu et al, 2008), fear conditioning (Borowski and Kokkinidis, 1996;Nader and LeDoux, 1999;Pezze and Feldon, 2004;Fadok et al, 2009;Muschamp et al, 2011), anxiety (Fride and Weinstock, 1988;Barrot et al, 2002;Barrot et al, 2005;Meloni et al, 2006;Rezayof et al, 2009;Richard and Berridge, 2011;Zweifel et al, 2011), intrinsic aversion to gustatory cues (Roitman et al, 2008), conditioned taste aversion Fenu et al, 2001), responses to stress (Geyer and Segal, 1974;Herman et al, 1982;Inglis and Moghaddam, 1999;Belda and Armario, 2009), and responses to nociceptive stimulation (Gear et al, 1999;Becerra et al, 2001;Barrot et al, 2002).…”