“…What is noteworthy is that MTF1 can upregulate ATP7B expression and eliminate Cu through serum ceruloplasmin and bile (Hardyman et al 2016 ). However, Cd exposure induced disordered iron homeostasis on HEL cells (Wang et al 2020 ) and causes a marked depletion of the content of Fe in rat’s liver and kidney (Whanger 1979 ). Besides, Cd exposure disturbed Cu and manganese homeostasis, and with the dose of Cd increased, Cu deposition on hepatopancreas was observed (Nica et al 2019 ), suggesting that Cd exposure disrupts Cu homeostasis.…”