“…In contrast to major anti-nociceptive effects associated with activation of G i/o receptors (Galeotti et al, 2002;Yudin & Rohacs, 2018), triggering G q and G s signalling generally leads to opposite outcomes, that is, hyperalgesia, sensitization to pain and allodynia (Crain & Shen, 2000;Malin & Molliver, 2010). Interestingly, increased expression of G q and G 11 proteins has been reported in animal models of pain (Belmadani et al, 2021;Saika et al, 2021). Genetic studies in mice indicate that loss of G q and G 11 results in reduced pain hypersensitivity in chronic pain states ( Tappe-Theodor et al, 2012).…”