Activation of the ABA Signal Pathway Mediated by GABA Improves the Drought Resistance of Apple Seedlings

Liu, Chenlu; Wang, Hongtao; Zhang, Xiuzhi; Ma, Fengwang; Guo, Tianli; Li, Cuiying

doi:10.3390/ijms222312676

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Exogenous GABA reduces ethylene synthesis in the roots of Caragana intermedia to adapt to salt stress (Shi et al, 2010 ). Our previous studies found that exogenous GABA in apple improved the resistance of apple to drought, alkaline and cadmium stress as well as Marssonina apple blotch (Li, Liu, Peng, et al, 2020 ; Li, Li, et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2021 , 2022 ). Herein, we found that the content of GABA increased significantly after inoculation with C. fructicola (Figure S1 ), and we observed the effects of exogenous GABA application on reducing apple GLS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The signalling molecule GABA plays an important role in plant biotic and abiotic stresses by hormone regulation, organic acid metabolism, ion absorption and transport, photosynthesis system, antioxidant system, and phenolic metabolism (Li, Liu, Sun, et al, 2020 ; Ramesh et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). For example, the application of exogenous GABA can improve the drought resistance of apple seedlings through the abscisic acid signalling pathway (Liu et al, 2021 ). The GABA‐regulated glutathione pathway and antioxidant enzymes are involved in chlorothalonil‐induced pesticide detoxification in plants (Shan et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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γ‐Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples

Cui

Liu

et al. 2023

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The fungal disease Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) seriously impacts apple production. As a nonprotein amino acid, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widely involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it is not clear whether GABA is involved in a plant's response to GLS, nor is its molecular mechanism understood. Here, we found that exogenous GABA could significantly alleviate GLS, reduce lesion lengths, and increase antioxidant capacity. MdGAD1 was identified as a possible key gene for GABA synthesis in apple. Further analysis indicated that MdGAD1 promoted antioxidant capacity to improve apple GLS resistance in transgenic apple calli and leaves. Yeast one‐hybrid analysis identified the transcription factor MdWRKY33 upstream of MdGAD1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, β‐glucuronidase activity, and luciferase activity further supported that MdWRKY33 bound directly to the promoter of MdGAD1. The content of GABA and the transcription level of MdGAD1 in the MdWRKY33 transgenic calli were higher than that of the wild type. When MdWRKY33 transgenic calli and leaves were inoculated with GLS, MdWKRY33 positively regulated resistance to GLS. These results explained the positive regulatory effects of GABA on apple GLS and provided insight into the metabolic regulatory network of GABA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ‐Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples

Cui

Liu

et al. 2023

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Although ABA was not included in the metabolite profile in this study, we instead found increased levels of the signaling molecule GABA in both local and systemic leaves of co-infected plants. GABA is involved in the regulation of various pathways promoting tolerance to stresses and it affects stomatal closure by enhancing ABA production [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. While stomatal closure improves drought tolerance and ABA has been shown to improve plant defenses against another potyvirus, plum pox virus [ 73 ], prolonged closure of stomata eventually has a negative impact on plant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Poty-Potexvirus Synergism on Growth, Photosynthesis and Metabolite Status of Nicotiana benthamiana

Pollari

Sipari²,

Poque³

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Mixed virus infections threaten crop production because interactions between the host and the pathogen mix may lead to viral synergism. While individual infections by potato virus A (PVA), a potyvirus, and potato virus X (PVX), a potexvirus, can be mild, co-infection leads to synergistic enhancement of PVX and severe symptoms. We combined image-based phenotyping with metabolite analysis of single and mixed PVA and PVX infections and compared their effects on growth, photosynthesis, and metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. Viral synergism was evident in symptom severity and impaired growth in the plants. Indicative of stress, the co-infection increased leaf temperature and decreased photosynthetic parameters. In contrast, singly infected plants sustained photosynthetic activity. The host’s metabolic response differed significantly between single and mixed infections. Over 200 metabolites were differentially regulated in the mixed infection: especially defense-related metabolites and aromatic and branched-chain amino acids increased compared to the control. Changes in the levels of methionine cycle intermediates and a low S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio suggested a decline in the methylation potential in co-infected plants. The decreased ratio between reduced glutathione, an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and its oxidized form, indicated that severe oxidative stress developed during co-infection. Based on the results, infection-associated oxidative stress is successfully controlled in the single infections but not in the synergistic infection, where activated defense pathways are not sufficient to counter the impact of the infections on plant growth.

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“…Terpenoids play frequent roles in plant protection in the form of phytohormones, particularly as diterpene gibberellins, triterpene brassinosteroids (BRs), and sesquiterpene abscisic acid (ABA) (Patra et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2021a;Liu et al, 2021a). In lettuce, long-term high temperature expose facilitates the accumulation of gibberellin to accelerate bolting (Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Terpenoid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways

Zhan

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) play essential roles in the adaptation to harsh environments and function in plant defense responses. PSMs act as key components of defense-related signaling pathways and trigger the extensive expression of defense-related genes. In addition, PSMs serve as antioxidants, participating in the scavenging of rapidly rising reactive oxygen species, and as chelators, participating in the chelation of toxins under stress conditions. PSMs include nitrogen-containing chemical compounds, terpenoids/isoprenoids, and phenolics. Each category of secondary metabolites has a specific biosynthetic pathway, including precursors, intermediates, and end products. The basic biosynthetic pathways of representative PSMs are summarized, providing potential target enzymes of stress-mediated regulation and responses. Multiple metabolic pathways share the same origin, and the common enzymes are frequently to be the targets of metabolic regulation. Most biosynthetic pathways are controlled by different environmental and genetic factors. Here, we summarized the effects of environmental factors, including abiotic and biotic stresses, on PSM biosynthesis in various plants. We also discuss the positive and negative transcription factors involved in various PSM biosynthetic pathways. The potential target genes of the stress-related transcription factors were also summarized. We further found that the downstream targets of these Transcription factors (TFs) are frequently enriched in the synthesis pathway of precursors, suggesting an effective role of precursors in enhancing of terminal products. The present review provides valuable insights regarding screening targets and regulators involved in PSM-mediated plant protection in non-model plants.

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Activation of the ABA Signal Pathway Mediated by GABA Improves the Drought Resistance of Apple Seedlings

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

γ‐Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples

γ‐Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples

Effects of Poty-Potexvirus Synergism on Growth, Photosynthesis and Metabolite Status of Nicotiana benthamiana

Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways

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