Activation of the spontaneous motion of a nitrobenzene droplet by chlorobenzene blending

Matsushita, Sachiko; Tanaka, Shusuke; Yoshida, Kaori; Kobayashi, Kei; Tsuruki, Yuta; Shibuya, Yohey; Isobe, Toshihiro; Nakajima, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.036

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previously, we reported that nitrobenzene can facilitate the electrophilic reaction STA + + I 3 − → STA-I + I 2 [19]. However, in this study, we observed spontaneous behavior at the interface of an STA-Cl aqueous solution and a nitrobenzene solution of ZnCl 2 or FeCl 3 ; that is, the chemical reaction mentioned above did not occur at the oil/water interface.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…We had previously suggested that nitrobenzene facilitated the electrophilic reaction STA + + I 3 − → STA-I + I 2 [19]. Shioi, et al also…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, some spontaneous interfacial motion has also been observed in systems not incorporating a surfactant [18]. Furthermore, with respect to the oil phase, systems using chlorobenzene [19], tetradecane [13,20], and pentane [15,16] have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Spontaneous interfacial tension changes at the interface of a ZnCl2 nitrobenzene solution and aqueous stearyltrimethylammonium chloride solution

Tsuruki¹,

Yoneda²,

Shibuya³

et al. 2013

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…We had previously suggested that nitrobenzene facilitated the electrophilic reaction STA + + I 3 − → STA-I + I 2 [19]. Shioi, et al also…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spontaneous interfacial tension changes at the interface of a ZnCl2 nitrobenzene solution and aqueous stearyltrimethylammonium chloride solution

Tsuruki¹,

Yoneda²,

Shibuya³

et al. 2013

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

Self Cite

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] One of the heavily studied stimuli-responsive systems is surfactant-/lipid-based droplets, in which several stimuli-responsive motions, i.e., self-propulsion, of droplets have been designed, using various modes of stimuli, such as chemical, temperature, and light stimuli. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Propulsion of Droplets via Light‐Stimuli Rapid Control of Their Surface Tension

Yucknovsky

Rich

Westfried

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Such systems can mimic the motion of living cells as similar stimuli are present in nature, and can also result in our fundamental understanding of early origin of life events.The movement of droplets is linked with nonuniform surface tension (ST), resulting in fluid flow, known as the Marangoni effect. [18][19][20] This effect is based on an asymmetric exposure of the droplet surface to a chemical cue, i.e., chemotaxis, whereas ion or pH gradients are most common. [21][22][23] The asymmetry in the droplet/solution interface creates a nonuniform change in the ST. Light is a convenient tool to control the asymmetry and ST of droplets, and accordingly the motion of droplets. To use light as stimuli, there is a need for photochromic molecules next to the droplets, undergoing a photochemical process. To date, the commonly used families of photochromic molecules for mediating dynamic processes, e.g., droplet motion are azobenzenes that undergo trans-cis photoisomerization, [24,25] and spiropyran and its derivatives that overgo photocleavage primary to the proton release, resulting in minute-length reaction timescales. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Therefore, a yet-to-beresolved challenge in the use of such photochromic molecules is the associated timescales and especially the reversibility of the dynamic process.Herein, we propose a new approach to chemophototaxis for gaining fast subsecond responses not only to turning on the light, but also for the reversible process of turning the light off, which is based on the use of Brønsted-Lowry photoacids and photobases. This class of organic molecules undergoes a dramatic change in their dissociation equilibrium constant (pKa) upon light excitation. [33] Thus, only in their electronically excited state do photoacids and photobases behave as strong acids and bases. The above-mentioned spiropyrans are also referred to as photoacids since their photocleavage process from spiropyran to merocyanine involves the release of a proton, however, there is a large difference in terms of mechanism and timescales relative to Brønsted-Lowry photoacids. In this context, we hypothesize that the fast excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) of Brønsted-Lowry photoacids and photobases can induce rapid chemical changes on the surface of pH-sensitive droplets and initiate their motion. We show here a variety of different droplet systems involving the use of photoacids and photobases either within the droplet, on its surface, or in solution, whereas we use light to self-propel and to guide the movement of the droplet. Nature demonstrates many examples of response and adaptation to external stimuli. Here, this study focuses on self-propulsion (motion) while presenting several self-propelling droplet systems responsive to pH gradients. Light is used as the gating source to gain reversibility, avoid the formation of chemical wastes, and control the self-propulsion remotely. To achieve light-stimuli ultrafast response, photoacids and photobases are used, capable of donating or capturing a proton, respect...

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“…One of the heavily studied stimuli-responsive systems is surfactant-/lipid-based droplets, in which several stimuli-responsive motions, i.e., self-propulsion, of droplets have been designed, using various modes of stimuli, such as: chemical, temperature, and light stimuli. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Such systems can mimic the motion of living cells as similar stimuli are present in nature, and can also result in our fundamental understanding of early origin of life events. The movement of droplets is linked with non-uniform surface tension (ST), resulting in fluid flow, known as the Marangoni effect [18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Propulsion of Droplets via Light-Stimuli Rapid Control of Their Surface Tension

Yucknovsky¹,

Rich²,

Westfried³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biology demonstrates many examples of response and adaptation to external stimuli, and here we focus on self-propulsion (motion) while presenting several self-propelling droplet systems responsive to pH gradients. We use light as the gating source to gain reversibility, avoid the formation of chemical wastes, and control the self-propulsion remotely. To achieve light-stimuli ultra-fast response, we use photoacids and photobases, capable of donating or capturing a proton, respectively, in their excited-state. We control the movement and directionality of the droplet’s self-propulsion by introducing the photo-acid/base either in bulk solution, on the surface of the droplet, or inside the droplet. We show that proton transfer between the photo-acid/base and the droplet results in a rapid change in the droplet’s surface tension, which induces the self?propulsion movement. The high versatility of our systems together with a record-breaking ultra?fast response to light makes them highly attractive for the design of various controlled cargo?carrier systems.<br>

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Activation of the spontaneous motion of a nitrobenzene droplet by chlorobenzene blending

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Spontaneous interfacial tension changes at the interface of a ZnCl2 nitrobenzene solution and aqueous stearyltrimethylammonium chloride solution

Spontaneous interfacial tension changes at the interface of a ZnCl2 nitrobenzene solution and aqueous stearyltrimethylammonium chloride solution

Self‐Propulsion of Droplets via Light‐Stimuli Rapid Control of Their Surface Tension

Self-Propulsion of Droplets via Light-Stimuli Rapid Control of Their Surface Tension

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