Activation of timber surfaces by flame and corona treatments to improve adhesion

Custódio, João; Broughton, James; Cruz, Helena; Winfield, Patricia H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.03.003

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Timber's unique characteristics, like wood porosity, lumen penetration, and the complex chemistry of wood, including the effect of extractives, makes the wood adhesion phenomenon all the more complex [7][8][9][10][11][12] and general theories of bond formation can not explain the difference between a durable and a non-durable bond. In addition, while surface activation may be sufficient to improve both short-term adhesion and durability of bonded joints with non-cellulosic adherends [13,14], and to improve short-term adhesion of certain adhesives to timber [4,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], facing the results obtained here it seems that in the case of wood adherends the simple fact of activating the timber surface does not translate directly into an improvement of the bonded joint durability. Epoxies and most other in situ polymerised adhesives generate polymers with a high degree of chain cross-linking and very limited flexibility, which serve well in providing adhesive bonds with the creep resistance required for structural timber bonds [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained by the authors in another study [4] have shown that corona discharge and flame ionization surface treatments increased the timber's surface free energy, which could translate into 332 J. Custo´dio et al a durability enhancement of bonded joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These include the use of primers, adhesion promoters and other surface treatments. Despite the extra cost associated with them, their use is of particular value where structural bonds may be subjected to repeated wetting and drying [4]. These agents are quite common in the aerospace, automotive, and plastics industries, where they are used to develop highly durable bonds to metals, composites, ceramics, and plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Adhesion Promotion Techniques for Structural Bonded Timber Joints

Custódio

Broughton

Cruz

2011

The Journal of Adhesion

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Long-term durability of a structural adhesive joint is an important requirement, because it has to be able to support the required design loads, under service conditions, for the planned lifetime of the structure. Epoxy adhesives, whilst not ideal, are currently the best family of adhesives for in situ repair operations. As long as the bonded joint remains dry and unexposed to high service temperatures, epoxy adhesives produce strong bonds to timber. However, once they are exposed to severe stresses as a result of repeated water soaking and drying cycles, the bonded joint delaminates and does not fulfill the requirements for structural timber adhesives intended for exterior exposure. One way of improving bond durability is through the use of surface treatments prior to bonding. In this study, the effects of corona discharge surface treatment, hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) and c-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMS) adhesion promoters on the durability enhancement of pine, iroko, and oak bonded joints were evaluated. The results proved that surface modification methods for adhesion promotion can be adapted to cellulosic substrates with significant improvements in bonded joint durability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Adhesion Promotion Techniques for Structural Bonded Timber Joints

Custódio

Broughton

Cruz

2011

The Journal of Adhesion

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“…[3] An adhesive joint can distribute the applied load over the entire bonded area with more uniform stress distribution and is suitable for joining dissimilar materials with low manufacturing cost. [3,4] However, use of adhesive bonding for space application was restricted due to low thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives. Therefore, considerable effort is given to developing high-performance adhesives for its essential application to space, and consequently, its application is increased rapidly in the last decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Modification on Polyimide and Adhesive Joining with Titanium

Akram

Jansen

Ernst

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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This investigation highlights the effect of surface modification on polyimide by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with different exposure time. Surface modification of polymer by plasma treatment essentially creates physical and chemical changes such as cross-linking and formation of free radicals. It also forms oxygen functionalization in the form of polar groups on polymer surface, hence improving the wetting and adhesion properties. It is observed that surface energy of the polymer increases with increasing exposure time of atmospheric pressure plasma. However, prolonged exposure time of plasma results in deterioration of the surface layer of polyimide resulting in degradation and embrittlement. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis reveal that there is a considerable morphological change on the polymer surface due to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the oxygen functionalities of polymer surface increases significantly when polyimide is exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma. Untreated and atmospheric pressure plasma-treated polyimide sheet are adhesive bonded by employing polyimide adhesive as well as with titanium substrate. Due to surface modification of polyimide, it is observed that there is a significant increase in lap shear tensile strength, and therefore, this technology is highly acceptable for aviation and space applications.

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“…In this way plasma treatment can be used to generate and deposit hydrophobic surface coatings. However, plasma treatment is also attracting interest for surface modification of wood and wood-based materials to increase hydrophilicity and thus the adhesion of common adhesives and paints (Sakata et al, 1991;Podgorski et al, 2000;Klarhö fer et al, 2005;Evans et al, 2007;Topala & Dumitrascu, 2007;Odrásková et al, 2008a;Wolkenhauer et al, 2008aWolkenhauer et al, , b, 2009aCustó dio et al, 2009). This plasma-based surface modification is confined to the outermost surface layer and does not affect the bulk properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics

Avramidis¹,

Hauswald²,

Lyapin³

et al. 2009

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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Plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure using a dielectric barrier discharge was carried out to increase the surface hydrophilicity of wood and wood-based materials. Surface energy determination by contact angle measurement revealed an increase in the polar component of surface energy and in total surface energy following plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the generation of polar groups and consequently an increase in O/C ratio. The feasibility of plasma polymerization on wooden substrates at atmospheric pressure to create water-repellent characteristics was also investigated. An atmospheric-pressure plasma jet using hexamethyldisiloxane as precursor and air as process gas was used for thin-layer deposition. Treatment parameters for the layer deposition were investigated, as well as the layer topography and chemical composition. Atomic force microscopy revealed a closed surface layer consisting of silicon, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen that exhibited low water permeability.

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Activation of timber surfaces by flame and corona treatments to improve adhesion

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of Adhesion Promotion Techniques for Structural Bonded Timber Joints

Evaluation of Adhesion Promotion Techniques for Structural Bonded Timber Joints

Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Modification on Polyimide and Adhesive Joining with Titanium

Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics

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