Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity

Tian, Hainan; Z, Wu; Chen, Siyu; Ao, Kevin; Huang, Weijie; Yaghmaiean, Hoda; Sun, Tongjun; Xu, Fang; Zhang, Yanjun; Wang, Shucai; Li, Xin; Zhang, Yuelin

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03987-1

Cited by 225 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…NLRs perceive pathogen secreted proteins known as effectors and induce robust immune responses that generally include hypersensitive cell death (Jones et al, 2016;Kourelis and van der Hoorn, 2018;Saur et al, 2021). NLR-mediated immunity (also known as effector-triggered immunity) can be effective in restricting pathogen infection at invasion sites, and NLRs have also been recently shown to be involved in PRR-mediated signalling (Ngou et al, 2021a;Pruitt et al, 2021;Tian et al, 2021;Kourelis et al, 2021b). However, NLR-mediated immunity comes at a cost for plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Adachi

Sakai

Harant

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into a genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured network of sensor and helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and other Solanaceae, the NRC network forms up to half of the NLRome, and NRCs are scattered throughout the genome in gene clusters of varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical, but essential member of the NRC family that lacks canonical features of these NLR helper proteins, such as a functional N-terminal MADA motif and the capacity to trigger autoimmunity. In contrast to other NRCs, systemic gene silencing of NRCX markedly impairs plant growth resulting in a dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism of NRCX silenced plants is partially dependent on NRCX paralogs NRC2 and NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact on plant growth when silenced systemically, transient RNA interference of NRCX in mature N. benthamiana leaves doesn’t result in visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration of NRCX expression modulates the hypersensitive response mediated by NRC2 and NRC3 in a manner consistent with a negative role for NRCX in the NRC network. We conclude that NRCX is an atypical member of the NRC network that has evolved to contribute to the homeostasis of this genetically unlinked NLR network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Adachi

Sakai

Harant

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…During virus invasion, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize specific pathogen effectors and trigger effector-triggered immunity (ETI) [100][101][102][103]. Plant NLRs are subdivided into CC-NLRs (CNLs) and Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR)-NLRs (TNLs) according to their N-terminal structures [104]. The NLRs can directly or indirectly identify pathogen effectors and trigger a hypersensitive cell death response (HR) to restrict TSWV to the site of infection [47,105,106].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Natural Resistance To the Tswv In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Zhang

Islam

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation and production worldwide. As defenses against TSWV, natural resistance genes have been identified in tomato, including Sw-1a, Sw-1b, sw-2, sw-3, sw-4, Sw-5, Sw-6, and Sw-7. However, only Sw-5 exhibits a high level of resistance to the TSWV. Thus, it has been cloned and widely used in the breeding of tomato with resistance to the disease. Due to the global spread of TSWV, resistance induced by Sw-5 decreases over time and can be overcome or broken by a high concentration of TSWV. How to utilize other resistance genes and identify novel resistance resources are key approaches for breeding tomato with resistance to TSWV. In this review, the characteristics of natural resistance genes, natural resistance resources, molecular markers for assisted selection, and methods for evaluating resistance to TSWV are summarized. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for identifying, utilizing resistance genes, and developing tomato varieties that are resistant to TSWV.

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“…Plants counteract the effector disruptions of PTI with an arsenal of intracellular sensor nucleotide binding‐leucine rich (NB‐LRR) receptors (NLRs) that recognise pathogen effectors and boost the immune response to effectively bypass the effector‐blocked PTI response (Jones & Dangl, 2006). Although PTI and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) are initiated by different receptors, pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and NLR signalling potentiate a largely overlapping defence response but with different amplitudes (Tian et al ., 2021; Yuan et al ., 2021). ‘Sensor’ NLRs possess either a N‐terminal coiled‐coil (CC) domain or Toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor/resistance (TIR) domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Con‐Ca²⁺‐tenating plant immune responses via calcium‐permeable cation channels

2022

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Summary Calcium serves as a second messenger in a variety of developmental and physiological processes and has long been identified as important for plant immune responses. We discuss recent discoveries regarding plant immune‐related calcium‐permeable channels and how the two intertwined branches of the plant immune system are intricately linked to one another through calcium signalling. Cell surface immune receptors carefully tap the immense calcium gradient that exists between apoplast and cytoplasm in a short burst via tightly regulated plasma membrane (PM)‐resident cation channels. Intracellular immune receptors form atypical calcium‐permeable cation channels at the PM and mediate a prolonged calcium influx, overcoming the deleterious influence of pathogen effectors and enhancing plant immune responses.

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Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity

Cited by 225 publications

References 48 publications

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Con‐Ca²⁺‐tenating plant immune responses via calcium‐permeable cation channels

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Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity

Cited by 225 publications

References 48 publications

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Con‐Ca2+‐tenating plant immune responses via calcium‐permeable cation channels

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Con‐Ca²⁺‐tenating plant immune responses via calcium‐permeable cation channels