Activation of uterine intraepithelial γδ T cell receptor‐positive lymphocytes during pregnancy

Meeusen, Elza Nicole Theresia; Fox, Annette; Brandon, Malcolm R.; Lee, Chee-Seong

doi:10.1002/eji.1830230520

Cited by 96 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…15,[51][52][53][54] Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that the early pregnancy human decidua is actually a site of extrathymic maturation of Vd1 T cells. 55,56 This enrichment of cd T cells at the maternal/fetal interface and their mysterious role in pregnancy is not unique to humans as the same has been observed in sheep 57 and mice 58 , suggesting a central conserved role of cd T cells involved in pregnancy-related immune changes. In women with healthy pregnancies, the changes are not only found at the maternal/fetal interface since the number of Vd1 T cells in circulation have also been reported to be increased in relation to the Vd2 subset.…”

Section: Missingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Defining the nature of human γδ T cells: a biographical sketch of the highly empathetic

2012

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The elusive task of defining the character of cd T cells has been an evolving process for immunologists since stumbling upon their existence during the molecular characterization of the a and b T cell receptor genes of their better understood brethren. Defying the categorical rules used to distinctly characterize lymphocytes as either innate or adaptive in nature, cd T cells inhabit a hybrid world of their own. At opposing ends of the simplified spectrum of modes of antigen recognition used by lymphocytes, natural killer and ab T cells are particularly well equipped to respond to the 'missing self' and the 'dangerous non-self', respectively. However, between these two reductive extremes, we are chronically faced with the challenge of making peace with the 'safe non-self' and dealing with the inevitable 'distressed self', and it is within this more complex realm cd T cells excel thanks to their highly empathetic nature. This review gives an overview of the latest insights revealing the unfolding story of human cd T cells, providing a biographical sketch of these unique lymphocytes in an attempt to capture the essence of their fundamental nature and events that influence their life trajectory. What hangs in their balance is their nuanced ability to differentiate the friends from the foe and the pathological from the benign to help us adapt swiftly and efficiently to life's many stresses. Keywords: antigen recognition; danger-associated molecular patterns; gamma delta T cell subsets; immune homeostasis; innate immunity; stress response PROLOGUE Since the time of their accidental discovery during the molecular characterization of the a and b T cell receptor (TCR) genes belonging to their relatively unambiguous brethren, 1 'enigmatic' is still one of the most commonly used adjectives to describe cd T cells. This can be attributed to the fact that these unconventional lymphocytes have thus far been remarkably successful in thwarting most attempts at definition. Much of what we know about T cell biology and function comes from what has been discerned through studies done on ab T cells; however, one thing that is certain is that the majority of the rules governing the lives of ab T cells are surprisingly irrelevant when it comes to understanding the elusive character of cd T cells. Table 1 highlights some of the major differences between these two T cell subsets in humans.Recognition by cd T cells is not typically in the context of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules and neither is antigen processing required. 2,3 These observations are corroborated by the fact that the majority of cd T cells are CD8 and CD4 negative. Crystal structure analysis of the cd TCR determined that the length and conformation of cd TCR resemble immunoglobulins (Ig) more than the ab TCR, which was taken to suggest that antigen recognition by cd T cells may be more similar to the binding of antibody to antigen rather than the MHC/peptide complex recognized by ab T cells. 4 The very basis of foreign antigen rec...

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Section: Missingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Defining the nature of human γδ T cells: a biographical sketch of the highly empathetic

2012

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“…were not derived from resident -yB IELs but were recruited from yB T-cell pools at other sites (35 (36).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial gamma delta T cells.

Komano

Fujiura

Kawaguchi

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

335

222

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Although T cells bearing yv T-cell receptors have long been known to be present in the epithelial lining of many organs, their specificity and function remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the intestinal epithelia of T-cell-receptor mutant mice, which were deficient in either yS T cells or ca3 T cells, and of normal littermates. The absence of yS T cells was associated with a reduction in epithelial cell turnover and a downregulation of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. No such effects were observed in a38 T-cell-deficient mice. These findings indicate that intraepithelial yeS T cells regulate the generation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.

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“…Although there was an increase in lymphocyte concentrations in the involution secretion with advancement of involution, most of the lymphocytes resided in the glandular tissues and most of the intraepithelial lymphocytes were CD8 + . Since there were very few γδTCR + cells in the glandular epithelium, it is possible that most of the CD8 + intraepithelial lymphocytes belong to the CD8 + CD45R + γδTCR V subpopulation reported by Meeusen et al (1993). The phagocytic leucocytes, both neutrophils and macrophages, were destined for the alveolar and ductal lumina.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 96%

Leucocyte phenotypes in involuting and fully involuted mammary glandular tissues and secretions of sheep

et al. 2000

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Mammary glandular tissues and mammary secretions were obtained from sheep at 2-60 d after weaning to study the leucocyte phenotypes associated with mammary involution. From 2-4 d after weaning, neutrophils were the predominant leucocytes in the alveolar and ductal lumina. Lymphocytes were present in the alveolar and ductal epithelium, interalveolar and periductal areas. Most of the lymphocytes in the alveolar and ductal epithelium (IEL) were CD8 + , some were CD45R + and few were CD4 + . In the periductal clusters and in the interalveolar areas most of the lymphocytes were CD4 + . There was a significant increase (P 0n05) in the percentages of CD45R + granulated IEL from 2 to 7 d after weaning, and this paralleled the increase in the percentages of apoptotic cells in the glandular epithelium. By 7-60 d after weaning, most cells within the alveolar and ductal lumina were macrophages followed by predominantly CD8 + lymphocytes. CD8 + lymphocytes were still predominant in the alveolar and ductal epithelium while CD4 + cells were predominant in the interalveolar areas. Very few γδ + T cells were observed at all the stages examined. The cells in the mammary secretions correlated with those observed in the alveolar and ductal lumina. At the early stages of involution, the neutrophils and macrophages were heavily laden with lipid droplets, casein and cellular debris. The most interesting feature was the presence of cells either with extensive cytoplasmic processes (LCA + MHC class II + ) or cytoplasmic veils (LCA + MHC class II + CD1 + ), probably dendritic cells. It is concluded that the cellular constituents of the mammary gland at the latter part of involution may afford the mammary gland more resistance to infection than the lactating gland and the gland at early stages of involution. The CD45R + IEL may trigger apoptotic cell death in the mammary glandular epithelium during mammary involution.Key words : Lactation ; granulated lymphocytes ; mammary regression ; dendritic cells. It has been reported that the early period of mammary gland involution coincides with a period of acutely increased susceptibility to intramammary infection (Nickerson, 1989 ;Oliver & Sordillo, 1989). One of the reasons given was that this could be due to the loss of the physical barrier by sloughing of the alveolar epithelium. Our recent studies (Lee et al. 1996 ;Tatarczuch et al. 1997) excluded this possibility as it was clearly shown that the process of apoptosis enabled the deletion of the alveolar epithelial cells without the loss of the integrity of the epithelial lining of the gland.Our previous studies (Lee et al. 1989) showed thatCorrespondence to Dr C. S. Lee, Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia. Fax :j61 3 9344 7374 ; e-mail : c.lee!vet.unimelb.edu.au in the mammary gland of both nonpregnant and pregnant sheep, the great majority of the lymphocytes in the ductal and alveolar epithelium were agranulated and that they belong to the CD8 + CD5 V phenotype follow...

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Activation of uterine intraepithelial γδ T cell receptor‐positive lymphocytes during pregnancy

Cited by 96 publications

References 18 publications

Defining the nature of human γδ T cells: a biographical sketch of the highly empathetic

Defining the nature of human γδ T cells: a biographical sketch of the highly empathetic

Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial gamma delta T cells.

Leucocyte phenotypes in involuting and fully involuted mammary glandular tissues and secretions of sheep

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