Activation response and functional connectivity change in rat cortex after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation—An exploratory study

Boonzaier, Julia; Straathof, Milou; Ardesch, Dirk Jan; Toorn, Annette van der; Vliet, Gerard van; Heijningen, Caroline L. Van; Otte, Willem M.; Dijkhuizen, Rick M.

doi:10.1002/jnr.24793

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nurdles from spills are endemic . Collecting all the spilled material is an unrealistic objective, posing the oft question, “How clean is clean?” , Following previous nurdle spills, cleanup efforts predominantly relied on community-based activities to recover spilled material. ,− After a spill in the North Sea, efforts focused on removing any piece of plastic from beaches . However, this is a false equivalency because different plastics behave differently in the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and Oil Led to Complex Mixtures of PAHs on Burnt and Unburnt Plastic during the M/V X-Press Pearl Disaster

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In May 2021, the M/V X-Press Pearl container ship burned for 2 weeks, leading to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles). The disaster was exacerbated by the leakage of other cargo and the ship's underway fuel. This disaster affords the unique opportunity to study a time-stamped, geolocated release of plastic under real-world conditions. Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles exposed to heat and combustion, burnt plastic pieces (pyroplastic), and oil-plastic agglomerates (petroplastic). An unresolved question is whether the 1600+ tons of spilled and recovered plastic should be considered hazardous waste. Due to the known formation and toxicity of combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we measured 20 parent and 21 alkylated PAHs associated with several types of spilled plastic. The maximum PAH content of the sampled pyroplastic had the greatest amount of PAHs recorded for marine plastic debris (199,000 ng/g). In contrast, the sampled unburnt white nurdles had two orders of magnitude less PAH content. The PAH composition varied between the types of spilled plastic and presented features typical of and conflicting with petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Nevertheless, specific markers and compositional changes for burning plastics were identified, revealing that the fire was the main source of PAHs. Eight months after the spill, the PAH contents of sampled stray nurdles and pyroplastic were reduced by more than 50%. Due to their PAH content exceeding levels allowable for plastic consumer goods, classifying burnt plastic as hazardous waste may be warranted. Following a largely successful cleanup, we recommend that the Sri Lankans re-evaluate the identification, handling, and disposal of the plastic debris collected from beaches and the potential exposure of responders and the public to PAHs from handling it. The maritime disaster underscores pyroplastic as a type of plastic pollution that has yet to be fully explored, despite the pervasiveness of intentional and unintentional burning of plastic globally.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and Oil Led to Complex Mixtures of PAHs on Burnt and Unburnt Plastic during the M/V X-Press Pearl Disaster

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…58 In conclusion, data from animal experiments overall indicate tDCS facilitates LTPs, which may be mediated by several neural mechanisms, including AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, BDNF, neurogenesis, and glia cells. These considerations 18 Anodal stimulation also enhances connectivity between the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. 19 Moreover, multi-session tDCS induces low-frequency oscillations in the underlying brain regions and alters functional connectivity between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancement of synaptic transmissions by LTPs is considered to exert a wide range of effects not only locally but also throughout brain networks. Thus, enhancement of connectivity has been reported 1) in cortical sensorimotor networks, 18 2) between the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, 19 and 3) between brain regions governing associative learning accompanied with low-frequency oscillations in the underlying tissue. 20 Specifically, anodal stimulation has been found to correct the activity of the striato-thalamo-cortical circuit regulating sensorimotor gating in rats overexpressing dopamine transporters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Color-coded lines represent tDCS or sham stimulation-induced changes in functional connectivity (estimated by Fisher's z correlation) between regions of interest within the sensorimotor and visual cortices.ref. 18 Anodal stimulation also enhances connectivity between the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. 19 Moreover, multi-session tDCS induces low-frequency oscillations in the underlying brain regions and alters functional connectivity between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancement of connectivity through brain networks by tDCS. Color-coded lines represent tDCS or sham stimulation-induced changes in functional connectivity (estimated by Fisher's z correlation) between regions of interest within the sensorimotor and visual cortices.ref 18. Anodal stimulation also enhances connectivity between the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens 19.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preclinical Evidence for the Mechanisms of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders; A Systematic Review

Yamada

Sumiyoshi

2021

Clin EEG Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Backgrounds. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, eg, mood disorders and schizophrenia. Although tDCS provides a promising approach, its neurobiological mechanisms remain to be explored. Objectives. To provide a systematic review of animal studies, and consider how tDCS ameliorates psychiatric conditions. Methods. A literature search was conducted on English articles identified by PubMed. We defined the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) articles published from the original data; (2) experimental studies in animals; (3) studies delivering direct current transcranially, ie, positioning electrodes onto the skull. Results. 138 papers met the inclusion criteria. 62 papers deal with model animals without any dysfunctions, followed by 52 papers for neurological disorder models, and 12 for psychiatric disorder models. The most studied category of functional areas is neurocognition, followed by motor functions and pain. These studies overall suggest the role for the late long-term potentiation (LTP) via anodal stimulation in the therapeutic effects of tDCS. Conclusions. tDCS Anodal stimulation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to particularly enhance neurocognition in psychiatric disorders. Its mechanisms are likely to involve facilitation of the late LTP.

show abstract

Pharmacological Characterization of [18F]-FNM and Evaluation of NMDA Receptors Activation in a Rat Brain Injury Model

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose NMDA receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction plays a central role in the physiopathology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. The development of a PET (positron emission tomography) tracer able to selectively bind to the NMDARs intra-channel PCP site may make it possible to visualize NMDARs in an open and active state. We describe the in vitro pharmacological characterization of [18F]-fluoroethylnormemantine ([18F]-FNM) and evaluate its ability to localize activated NMDA receptors in a rat preclinical model of excitotoxicity. Procedures The affinity of the non-radioactive analog for the intra-channel PCP site was determined in a radioligand competition assay using [3H]TCP ([3H]N-(1-[thienyl]cyclohexyl)piperidine) on rat brain homogenates. Selectivity was also investigated by the displacement of specific radioligands targeting various cerebral receptors. In vivo brain lesions were performed using stereotaxic quinolinic acid (QA) injections in the left motor area (M1) of seven Sprague Dawley rats. Each rat was imaged with a microPET/CT camera, 40 min after receiving a dose of 30 MBq + / − 20 of [18F]-FNM, 24 and 72 h after injury. Nine non-injured rats were also imaged using the same protocol. Results FNM displayed IC50 value of 13.0 ± 8.9 µM in rat forebrain homogenates but also showed significant bindings on opioid receptors. In the frontal and left somatosensory areas, [18F]FNM PET detected a mean of 37% and 41% increase in [18F]FNM uptake (p < 0,0001) 24 and 72 h after QA stereotaxic injection, respectively, compared to the control group. Conclusions In spite of FNM’s poor affinity for NMDAR PCP site, this study supports the ability of this tracer to track massive activation of NMDARs in neurological diseases.

show abstract

Activation response and functional connectivity change in rat cortex after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation—An exploratory study

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Fire and Oil Led to Complex Mixtures of PAHs on Burnt and Unburnt Plastic during the M/V X-Press Pearl Disaster

Fire and Oil Led to Complex Mixtures of PAHs on Burnt and Unburnt Plastic during the M/V X-Press Pearl Disaster

Preclinical Evidence for the Mechanisms of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders; A Systematic Review

Pharmacological Characterization of [18F]-FNM and Evaluation of NMDA Receptors Activation in a Rat Brain Injury Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About