Activation stainless steel with electrochemical etching-hydrothermal as an efficient and stable alkaline water oxidation electrode

Self-Ordered Anodic Porous Oxide Layers as a High Performance Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation

“…The increased conductivity that occurs from the surface coverage of NiO with Fe and Cr oxides could explain the lower charge transfer resistance (R ct ) at the catalytic interface of two-step surface-oxidized SS. This observation aligns with findings reported in previous studies. ,− , …”

“…This observation aligns with findings reported in previous studies. 27,[29][30][31]34 Envisaging activity tendencies in electrocatalysis for water splitting is commonly done by calculating the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) using difference between double-layer charging currents and corresponding 2C dl , extensively acknowledged in water-splitting reactions. 50,51 In order to estimate the ECSA, the nonfaradic capacitive currents from different scan rates of the CVs (Figure S7) were measured on the C dl (bare SS: 0.0047 μF cm −2 , SS-1:0.0059 μF cm −2 , SS-2:0.0076 μF cm −2 , and SS-1&2:0.0094 μF cm −2 ) of the electrocatalyst.…”

“…However, conventional SS possesses a chemically inert surface and limited surface area, rendering it less practical for electrochemical reactions. Specific SS grades like 304, 316, and 916 to address this limitation necessitate chemical, hydrothermal, and electrochemical modifications to enhance their performance, particularly in alkaline conditions concerning oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. ,− Numerous research groups have demonstrated the electrocatalytic potential of stainless steel, mainly through surface modifications, often involving chromium (Cr). These modifications have been shown to enhance catalytic activity significantly.…”