In this study, we have generated more than 12,000 activation-tagged mutants in a high-yielding indica rice variety, 'BPT 5204', employing maize Ac/Ds system. Different transgenic plants obtained were analysed based on expression patterns of green fluorescence protein (GFP), red fluorescence protein (RFP), herbicide (Basta) tolerance and molecular analyses. T 1 seeds of pSQ5 and pSQ5-bar transgenics, when germinated separately on hygromycin (50 mg/L) and phosphinothricin (5 mg/L) containing medium, revealed a segregation of 3 tolerant : 1 susceptible plants. The germinal transposition frequency of Ds element in different T 2 progeny of rice plants was found to be about 18.0%. Different stable tagged mutants exhibited marked increases in plant height, number of tillers, leaf size, panicle size, seed size and number of grains per plant. The overall results indicate that the genes associated with these traits are upregulated by the enhancer element in activation-tagged mutants. As such, the various tagged mutant lines appear promising and serve as a valuable genetic resource for identification of key genes determining different agronomic traits of rice. K E Y W O R D S 4X enhancer, Ac/Ds system, activation tagging, agronomic traits, number of grains per plant, tagged mutants | 329 KOTA eT Al. Expression of genes adjacent on either side of the randomly integrated T-DNA insertion sites most often results in gain-of-function phenotypes owing to enhanced gene expression. The two-component transposon systems of Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) (Chin et al., 1999; van Enckevort et al., 2005; Greco et al., 2003; Kolesnik et al., 2004) and Enhancer-Suppressor Mutator (En/Spm-dSpm) (Greco et al., 2004; Kumar, Wing, & Sundaresan, 2005) from maize have been used to generate insertion mutants in rice. Employing transposon system, a relatively small sample of parental lines can generate a large scale of transposon-tagged population (Wang et al., 2013) and transposon tags can be easily eliminated from the revertants, thereby avoiding the tedious complementation procedure. In Arabidopsis, use of GAL4::GFP enhancer trapping system promoted high GFP expression frequencies of about 30% among T 1 lines (Haseloff, 1998). Activation tagging (AT) is a unique technique adopted to improve the crop productivity potential through generation of diverse gain-of-function mutants exhibiting desired attributes. AT mostly results in dominant gain-of-function mutants facilitating enhanced functionality of duplicated genes and thus often generates beneficial attributes amenable for crop improvement. Initially, for studying gain-of-function mutants in plants, enhancer element from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S gene was utilized (Odell, Nagy, & Chua, 1985). A T-DNA vector was constructed containing four copies of CaMV 35S element and the resultant tetrameric CaMV 35S enhancer could function in either orientation at a con-Government of India.