Activational effects of social stress on IV cocaine self-administration in rats

Miczek, Klaus A.; Mutschler, Nicole H.

doi:10.1007/s002130050133

Cited by 184 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Motor activation in response to novel stressors and experimentally elevated levels of transcription factors in the striatum correlate well with rapid acquisition of 'low dose' cocaine self-administration behavior (Piazza et al, 2000;Mantsch et al, 2001;Colby et al, 2003). Perhaps more pertinent to the acceleration of initial drug taking, even at higher doses, is the immediate activational effect of social stress (Tidey and Miczek 1997;Miczek and Mutschler, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tethered catheter supplied i.v. solutions from a counterbalanced swivel (Instech Laboratories) connected to an infusion pump (Med Associates Inc., St. Albans, VT) (for details, see Miczek and Mutschler, 1996). Catheters were flushed daily with heparinized saline (20 IU/ml), and during the light phase 0.17 ml pulses of saline were delivered every 30 min.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Cocaine Self-administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent exposures to environmental stress can amplify many physiological and behavioral responses to psychomotor stimulants and can accelerate the initiation and maintenance of cocaine use (Miczek and Mutschler, 1996;Goeders, 2002;Sinha, 2001). In particular, brief exposure to social stress increases the rate of acquiring cocaine selfadministration (Haney et al, 1995;Tidey and Miczek, 1997;Kabbaj et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

112

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Social stress can engender behavioral and neural sensitization and this process appears to enhance the transition to compulsive drug abuse. Exposures to brief social defeat stress in rats have significant consequences on cocaine-reinforced behavior and on the level of functional activation within regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The objectives of the current study were to examine the enduring consequences of brief episodes of social defeat stress on cocaine bingeing (during 24 h of continuous access) and on the emergence of neural adaptations as revealed by zif268 immediate early gene expression. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were subjected to four 25 min episodes of social defeat (once every 72 h). After 2 months, cocaine binges or zif268 mRNA gene expression were studied after confirming behavioral cross-sensitization to stimulant challenge. Sensitization to social defeat increased cocaine intake during a 24 h binge, effectively abolishing the typical circadian pattern of intake. Furthermore, 60 days after exposure to the sensitizing regimen of social defeat, levels of functional activation, measured by zif268 mRNA expression, in the central and medial amygdala were increased, while levels of activation in the medial prefrontal cortex were decreased. Persistent stress-induced levels of zif268 in the central and medial amygdala were attenuated by an injection of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Divergent changes in zif268 within the amygdala and cortex 2 months after social defeat stress indicate the vulnerability of distinct cellular populations in networks that modulate the behavioral actions of psychomotor stimulants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1: Cocaine Self-administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

112

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“…A number of investigators have demonstrated that stressors facilitate the acquisition of cocaine SA (see eg Goeders and Guerin, 1994;Haney et al, 1995;Miczek and Mutschler, 1996;Ramsey and Van Ree, 1993;Campbell and Carroll, 2001;Kosten et al, 2000;Schenk et al, 1987) and reinstate extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior (Erb et al, 1996;Ahmed and Koob, 1997;Mantsch and Goeders, 1999a;Shalev et al, 2003). By contrast, the ability of stress to produce escalating patterns of cocaine SA has not been extensively examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Mantsch

Katz

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The examination of cocaine self-administration (SA) by rats under conditions that promote escalating patterns of intake should lead to a better understanding of factors that contribute to cocaine addiction. This study investigated the ability of repeated daily exposure to a stressor, electric footshock (EFS), to escalate cocaine SA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/ inf, i.v.) by pressing a lever under a FR4 schedule during 2-h sessions comprised of four 30-min SA components. Repeated daily EFS consisting of shock sequences (3 Â 0.6 mA, 100-ms duration, 1-s frequency) delivered under a variable time 45-s schedule for 5 min before each of the four SA components across 14 days of SA testing produced a significant escalation of cocaine SA. EFS failed to escalate food-reinforced lever pressing and did not alter cocaine SA when administered either inside or outside of the SA context 4 h after daily SA testing. Surgical adrenalectomy along with diurnal corticosterone (CORT) replacement prevented EFS-induced escalation without altering SA in the absence of EFS, indicating that increases in circulating glucocorticoids were necessary for the escalating effects of EFS. Elevation of CORT through repeated daily CORT injections (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to reproduce the effects of repeated daily EFS on SA, but restored the escalating effects of EFS in adrenalectomized rats with CORT replacement, suggesting that an elevation of glucocorticoids was necessary but alone was not sufficient for the escalation of cocaine SA by EFS.

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“…Similar enhancement of drug responses occurs when rats are exposed to stressors other than a novel environment (e.g., Refs. [1,24,30]). Much of the individual-differences research in rats has used amphetamine as the prototypical psychomotor stimulant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in rat locomotor activity are diminished by nicotine through stimulation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Bevins¹,

Besheer²

2001

Physiology & Behavior

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Rats exposed to a small inescapable environment are more active when the environment is novel than when it is familiar (Refs. [23,33]; see later). Recently, the empirical and theoretical interest in the behavioral activating effect of novelty has increased. This interest is driven, in part, by evidence indicating that reactivity to a novel environment is a behavioral measure of a rat's sensitivity to stress. Rats exposed to a novel environment show an increase in plasma levels of the "stress hormone" corticosterone (e.g., Ref. [25]). Importantly, novelty-induced increases in corticosterone are greater in rats that display more locomotor activity to an inescapable novel environment [29]. Moreover, rats more activated by exposure to a novel environment [often termed high responders (FIR)] displayed a greater increase in corticosterone levels to restraint stress than rats that were less reactive to the novel environment [low responders (LR)]. HR also had a more prolonged increase in corticosterone to this restraint than LR [10]. This work is important because it demonstrates that a purported behavioral measure of stress sensitivity (i.e., novelty-induced activity) predicts the response to another form of stress (i.e., restraint).Reactivity to a novel environment has served as a predictive variable in recent drug abuse studies (see Refs. [9,31 ] for reviews). This predictive value is another reason for the recent interest in novelty-induced activity. For instance, rats that are more activated by exposure to a novel environment (HR) more readily self-administer amphetamine and are more sensitive to the locomotor-stimulant effects of amphetamine [29]. Novelty-induced activity has been found to also predict such behavioral effects as activity induced by cocaine and caffeine [16], ethanol-induced activity and ethanol self-administration [14,15], amphetamine-conditioned hyperactivity to contextual stimuli [17], cueing effects of amphetamine [13] and amphetamine barpress suppressant effects [6].Another factor contributing to the interest in novelty-induced activity is the potential insight it may provide into the behavioral and neural substrates underlying individual differences in drug abuse vulnerability. This idea is based, in part, on the assumption that the predictive relation just described likely refl ects an overlap in the mechanism(s) responsible Published in Physiology & Behavior 72 (2001) Abstract: An increasing body of research has focused on isolating factors that predict or alter individual differences in the behavioral and neural processes mediating the effects of abused drugs. Within this framework, the current report assessed individual differences and the locomotor effect of nicotine. Rats were screened for activity induced by a novel environment. Rats, which were more active to initial environment exposure, remained more active even after seven additional 30-min exposures to the same environment. Treatment with nicotine-di-D tartrate (1 mg/kg, sc) disrupted this effect. This nicotine disruption of indiv...

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Activational effects of social stress on IV cocaine self-administration in rats

Cited by 184 publications

References 35 publications

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Individual differences in rat locomotor activity are diminished by nicotine through stimulation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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