“…Most of these cases only concentrated on subsonic and supersonic flow regimes, in which the low-fidelity linear aerodynamic models were used to construct the control plant models; e.g., the Theodorsen quasi-steady aerodynamic model, [9][10][11][12] the lift surface theory and the doublet-lattice method. 2,[6][7][8] However, these low-fidelity linear aerodynamic models cannot capture the dominant nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic behaviors (i.e., shock movement and flow separation) accurately in transonic flow, which have significant effects on nonlinear aeroelastic responses. 13,14) Thus, high-fidelity unsteady aerodynamic models with low order are required for active aeroelastic law design in transonic flow.…”