Active and deactive modes of modified montmorillonite in p-cresol acylation

Venkatesha, N. J.; Chandrashekara, B. M.; Prakash, B. S. Jai; Bhat, Y. S.

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2014.05.017

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It was found to be 42.86% SiO 2 , 18.64% Al 2 O 3 , 9.05% Fe 2 O 3 , 2.58% MgO and 4.12% Na 2 O. [32][33][34] Methanesulfonic acid (MSA), p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) were obtained from SD fine chemicals and phenoldisulfonic acid (PDSA) from Loba chemicals, India. ZSM-5, Beta-zeolite (HBEA) and Y-zeolite (Y-Z) were obtained from Reliance industries, Vadodara, Gujarat.…”

Section: Materials Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-usability of zeolites and modified clays for alkylation of cyclohexanol a contrast study

2015

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Organic sulfonic acid treatment of montmorillonite results in micro-pores on the surface of modified clays providing access to acid sites in the interlayer. Performance of modified clay catalysts for alkylation of para-cresol with cyclohexanol were compared with microporous zeolites. Phenoldisulfonic acid treated clay catalyst showed maximum activity comparable with that of beta-zeolite. Modified clay-and zeolitecatalysts on reuse for the alkylation exhibited different behaviour. Modified clays showed same activity as in the first cycle while zeolites showed significantly reduced catalytic activities on reuse. Differences in behaviour were further investigated by characterizing the reused samples with TGA, acidity and surface measurements. Used zeolite samples showed considerable variations in acidity, surface characteristics and TGA pattern, which was attributed to the formation of coke. Absence of coke in clays and deposition of coke in zeolites is attributed to difference in their pore architecture.

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Section: Materials Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After cooling the reaction mixture, 10 mL of toluene was added and stirred for 10 min. Then the mixture of reactants and products were extracted by filtration and analysed using Chemito GC-1000 gas chromatograph having FID with a TR-WAX capillary column of 30 m length, 0.32 mm thickness and 0.55 µm internal diameter 33 .…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-usability of zeolites and modified clays for alkylation of cyclohexanol a contrast study

2015

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“…The acidity of modified Bentonite clay samples were confirmed by treating the catalyst with pyridine and analyzed under FT-IR spectra. The absorption bands at 1441, 1488, 1547 and 1592 cm -1 , recognized to pyridine hydrogen bonded formed from acid reacts with clay material [33]. After the reactions, recovered clay catalysts are washed with toluene, and then dried in hot air oven for 3 h at 393 K. These catalysts were again reused in the reactions between aniline and Aromatic-aldehydes under optimized conditions in the microwave as well as conventional heating.…”

Section: Catalyst Deactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Assisted Modification of Bentonite Clay: Characterization and Solvent Free Synthesis of Schiff’s Bases

Bs¹,

Veerabhadraswamy²

2017

J Org Inorg Chem

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The acid modified bentonite catalysts prepared from bentonite clay activated under microwave irradiation with different concentrations of H 2 SO 4 (0.1, 1, 2 and 3M). A series of novel and significant compounds containing Schiff's base substituted aromatic compounds have been synthesized using modified clay in solvent-free conditions under microwave irradiation. The structures of obtained compounds were analyzed by H-NMR, FT-IR spectral studies and the prepared heterogeneous acid activated catalysts were characterized by PXRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectral analysis. PXRD studies showed the phases of catalyst and average crystallite size is analyzed in the range of 11-18 nm. The optical properties of the catalysts were investigated by UV-Vis; demonstrate the energy band gap of the catalyst. This modified clay catalysts can be re-used up to 3-4 times and further used in practical applications.

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“…Thus, considerable efforts are being made to minimize these problems. Some green catalysts for Friedel‐Crafts acylation reactions have been reported in which a suitable catalyst is used to activate carboxylic acid and accelerates the reaction rate [11–19] . Although the method was environmentally safe, some limitations were reported, such as expensive catalyst, prolonged reaction time, and side reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermolecular and Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of Carboxylic Acids using Binary Ionic Liquids: An Experimental and Computational Study

Nguyen

Tran

et al. 2022

ChemistrySelect

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Traditional Friedel‐Crafts acylation with acid halides suffers from waste byproducts such as SO2, HCl, and the hydrolysis of Lewis acid catalyst. Thus, the environmentally benign intermolecular and intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation of arenes with carboxylic acids as acylating agents has been investigated using a mixture of deep eutectic solvent and an ionic liquid as reaction media under microwave irradiation. The Friedel‐Crafts acylations with carboxylic acids as acylating agents are challenging due to the low reactivity of carboxylic acids. In this paper, the desired products were obtained at moderate to good yields under microwave irradiation for a short reaction time. The Friedel‐Crafts cyclization of 4‐phenylbutyric acid is more effective than 3‐phenylpropionoic acid under the present method. The reaction mechanism is proposed by combining experiments with density functional theory calculations, highlighting the critical role of ZnCl2, triflate anion (CF3COO−) in binary ionic liquids, and acidic conditions in accomodating a kinetic accessible pathway making the C−C bond.

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Active and deactive modes of modified montmorillonite in p-cresol acylation

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Re-usability of zeolites and modified clays for alkylation of cyclohexanol a contrast study

Re-usability of zeolites and modified clays for alkylation of cyclohexanol a contrast study

Microwave Assisted Modification of Bentonite Clay: Characterization and Solvent Free Synthesis of Schiff’s Bases

Intermolecular and Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of Carboxylic Acids using Binary Ionic Liquids: An Experimental and Computational Study

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