Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

MacDonald, Amanda M.; Johnson, Joshua B.; Casalena, Mary Jo; Nemeth, Nicole M.; Kunkel, Melanie R.; Blake, Mitchell; Brown, Justin D.

doi:10.1002/wsb.1289

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Passive surveillance is cost-effective and can provide valuable data on disease prevalence and distribution in wildlife populations. However, it may miss asymptomatic infections or pathogens that do not cause obvious clinical signs in wildlife , MacDonald, et. al., 2022.…”

Section: Methodologies For Wildlife Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife as sentinels for emerging zoonotic diseases: A review of surveillance systems in the USA

Olumuyiwa Tolulope Ojeyinka,

Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi

2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Wildlife plays a crucial role as sentinels for emerging zoonotic diseases, serving as early indicators of potential threats to human and animal health. This review examines the surveillance systems in the USA that utilize wildlife as indicators for the presence of emerging zoonotic pathogens. The review focuses on the methodologies, challenges, and implications of these surveillance systems. In the USA, wildlife surveillance for zoonotic diseases is primarily conducted through passive surveillance, where wildlife carcasses are collected and tested for pathogens. Additionally, active surveillance programs target specific wildlife species known to host zoonotic pathogens or species that may be in close contact with humans or domestic animals. These surveillance efforts are complemented by the use of sentinel species, such as birds or bats, which are monitored for signs of disease that could indicate the presence of zoonotic pathogens. Challenges in wildlife surveillance include the vast geographic range of many wildlife species, making it difficult to sample populations comprehensively. Additionally, the diversity of wildlife species and habitats in the USA presents logistical challenges for surveillance efforts. Furthermore, there are challenges related to data sharing and coordination among agencies responsible for wildlife and public health. The implications of wildlife surveillance for public health policy and practice are significant. Early detection of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife can lead to timely public health interventions, such as vaccination campaigns or changes in land use practices to reduce human-wildlife contact. Moreover, wildlife surveillance can inform the development of predictive models for disease outbreaks, enabling more effective preparedness and response measures. In conclusion, wildlife surveillance plays a critical role in the early detection and monitoring of emerging zoonotic diseases in the USA. Continued investment in surveillance systems and research is essential to enhance our understanding of zoonotic disease dynamics and improve our ability to protect human and animal health.

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Section: Methodologies For Wildlife Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife as sentinels for emerging zoonotic diseases: A review of surveillance systems in the USA

Olumuyiwa Tolulope Ojeyinka,

Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi

2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the logistics of capturing hosts to undertake pathogen surveillance across a broad region is challenging and resource intensive, which has limited the progress of research on landscape‐scale pathogen dynamics (e.g. MacDonald et al, 2022; Ryser‐Degiorgis, 2013). However, pathogens which cause visually apparent diseases have the unique potential to enhance insight into landscape‐scale disease dynamics (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host, environment, and anthropogenic factors drive landscape dynamics of an environmentally transmitted pathogen: Sarcoptic mange in the bare‐nosed wombat

Ringwaldt

Brook

Buettel

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Understanding the spatial dynamics and drivers of wildlife pathogens is constrained by sampling logistics, with implications for advancing the field of landscape epidemiology and targeted allocation of management resources. However, visually apparent wildlife diseases, when combined with remote‐surveillance and distribution modelling technologies, present an opportunity to overcome this landscape‐scale problem. Here, we investigated dynamics and drivers of landscape‐scale wildlife disease, using clinical signs of sarcoptic mange (caused by Sarcoptes scabiei) in its bare‐nosed wombat (BNW; Vombatus ursinus) host. We used 53,089 camera‐trap observations from over 3261 locations across the 68,401 km2 area of Tasmania, Australia, combined with landscape data and ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM). We investigated: (1) landscape variables predicted to drive habitat suitability of the host; (2) host and landscape variables associated with clinical signs of disease in the host; and (3) predicted locations and environmental conditions at greatest risk of disease occurrence, including some Bass Strait islands where BNW translocations are proposed. We showed that the Tasmanian landscape, and ecosystems therein, are nearly ubiquitously suited to BNWs. Only high mean annual precipitation reduced habitat suitability for the host. In contrast, clinical signs of sarcoptic mange disease in BNWs were widespread, but heterogeneously distributed across the landscape. Mange (which is environmentally transmitted in BNWs) was most likely to be observed in areas of increased host habitat suitability, lower annual precipitation, near sources of freshwater and where topographic roughness was minimal (e.g. human modified landscapes, such as farmland and intensive land‐use areas, shrub and grass lands). Thus, a confluence of host, environmental and anthropogenic variables appear to influence the risk of environmental transmission of S. scabiei. We identified that the Bass Strait Islands are highly suitable for BNWs and predicted a mix of high and low suitability for the pathogen. This study is the largest spatial assessment of sarcoptic mange in any host species, and advances understanding of the landscape epidemiology of environmentally transmitted S. scabiei. This research illustrates how host‐pathogen co‐suitability can be useful for allocating management resources in the landscape.

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“…managers are increasingly concerned about the potential role of disease, 24 in particular LPDV, on population dynamics. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that LPDV infection has a significant negative effect on clutch size.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of domestic turkeys with lymphoproliferative disease virus of North American origin

Goodwin,

Adcock,

Allison

et al. 2024

Vet Pathol

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Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) was first documented in wild turkeys in North America in 2009. LPDV infection is often subclinical but can manifest as lymphoid proliferation or round cell neoplasia. Despite high prevalence across many sampled areas corresponding to declining populations of wild turkeys, knowledge regarding LPDV pathogenesis, risk factors for disease development, and associated impacts on population dynamics are unknown. To understand transmission, viral shedding, and tissue tropism, we inoculated 21 domestic turkeys via the oral cavity, crop, nasal cavity, subcutis, or coelomic cavity. For 12 weeks, oropharyngeal swabs, cloacal swabs, and whole blood were collected weekly. At 1 week postinoculation, 3 turkeys (3/21; 14%) had detectable LPDV proviral DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction, and 10 developed DNAemia (50%; 10/20) by 12 weeks. LPDV proviral DNA was intermittently detected in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Splenomegaly was the most consistent gross finding in DNAemic birds (8/11; 73%). Lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen was the most significant microscopic finding (9/11; 82%). Three turkeys (3/11; 27%) developed round cell neoplasia characterized by sheets of pleomorphic, round to polygonal cells in the adrenal gland, bone marrow, skin, small intestine, and/or spleen. LPDV was detected in the spleen and bone marrow from all turkeys with DNAemia and all neoplasms. Our study establishes that infection and disease with North American LPDV from wild turkeys can be experimentally reproduced in domestic turkeys, laying the groundwork for future investigations into LPDV pathogenesis, development of diagnostic techniques, and understanding the impacts of LPDV on wild turkey populations.

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Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Wildlife as sentinels for emerging zoonotic diseases: A review of surveillance systems in the USA

Wildlife as sentinels for emerging zoonotic diseases: A review of surveillance systems in the USA

Host, environment, and anthropogenic factors drive landscape dynamics of an environmentally transmitted pathogen: Sarcoptic mange in the bare‐nosed wombat

Experimental infection of domestic turkeys with lymphoproliferative disease virus of North American origin

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