Active and Passive Smoking, and Alcohol Drinking and Breast Cancer Risk in Chinese Women

Abstract

To evaluate the relation between smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results revealed that smoking, whether active or passive through the husband, was related to increased risk of breast cancer. The ORs (adjusted for age, menopausal status, educational levels, occupation, body mass index and income) were 3.55 (95%CI: 1.27-9.91) for active smoking and 1.47 (95%CI: 1.18-1.84) for passive smoking from husbands, respectively. A significant positive relationship was observed between breast cancer risk and the degree of husbands' smoking. There were significant increase trend in ORs with the daily smoked number of cigarettes of husbands, the passive smoking years from husbands and the pack-years of husbands' smoking (trend test: p=0.00003, 0.00013 and 0.0001, respectively). Alcohol consumption was also found to be a risk factor. The findings of this study in particular suggest that husbands' smoking increases risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.

Trends and Analysis of Cancer Incidence for Common Male and Female Cancers in the Population of Punjab Province of Pakistan during 1984 to 2014

“…Since the males and females differ in lifestyles and in exposure to environmental factors with significance of cancer genesis and prognosis, they had varied susceptibility for different types of cancers due to gender related discrepancies in physiology and genetics. There is lack of awareness among males and females living in urban and rural areas and they respond differently to cancer related symptoms, prevention and treatment services that lead to uneven registration of cancer incidence cases and deaths (Hanna et al, 2010;Takiar et al, 2011;Hao et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013). In Pakistan, most cancer diagnosis and treatment services are only available from large hospitals that are often far away from rural population and outside the jurisdiction of their local cancer registries.…”

Relation of Alcohol/Tobacco use with Metastasis, Hormonal (Estrogen and Progesterone) Receptor Status and c-erbB2 Protein in Mammary Ductal Carcinoma

“…As of 2004, there was an increase in the number of individual studies and systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and they left little doubt about the association between breast cancer and the use of tobacco and/or alcohol. Alcohol consumption above all was clearly associated with this malady (de Menezes et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2013;Gou et al, 2013).…”

“…However, since the end of the 1980's, a multitude of articles have been published about the fact that the regular 1 consumption of alcohol and use of tobacco represent risk factors for breast cancer (Stefani et al, 2011;CardenasRodriguez et al, 2012;de Menezes et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2013;Gou et al, 2013). Interestingly, some of the first studies actually showed a reduction of the risk of breast cancer with tobacco use (Meara et al, 1989) or alcohol consumption (Adami et al, 1988;Liu, M. et al, 2014b), or no association between smoking and breast cancer (Smith et al, 1994), further more, did not find any association between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cancers of the lung, bladder, endometrium and ovary (de Menezes et al, 2013), and it was also observed that alcohol consumption may be inversely related to thyroid cancer.…”

Passive Smoking and Breast Cancer - a Suspicious Link

“…diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking (Hussain et al, 2003;. There are a number of studies which proves that carcinogens present in smoke are the major risk factor in the development of breast cancer (Band et al, 2002;Jhonson et al, 2011;Gao et al, 2013). Another study suggested that smoke increased the risk of breast cancer in former smokers (Ilic MC et al, 2013).…”