Active Basalt Alteration at Supercritical Conditions in a Seawater‐Recharged Hydrothermal System: IDDP‐2 Drill Hole, Reykjanes, Iceland

Zierenberg, Robert A.; Friðleifsson, G. Ó.; Elders, W. A.; Schiffman, P.; Fowler, Andrew

doi:10.1029/2021gc009747

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…The exploration of geothermal wells from supercritical waters, where the silica content is expected to be significant even in the gaseous state, is a relatively new geothermal application. Several research projects have focused their efforts on this field in the last few years, especially on the topic of reservoir modeling [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Power production from such high-enthalpy sources is superior in its low cost if the resources can be utilized efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticle Formation from Supercritical Geothermal Sources

Bordvik,

Næss

2023

Energies

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Silica precipitation from high-enthalpy, depressurized supercritical fluids is investigated to determine the best method for accessing the scaling potential as a function of time, position and fluid composition. The most relevant knowledge application is for geothermal sources where the wells are drilled closed to magma and the temperature gradients in the rock are very high. The power potential per well for such a system is large compared to conventional geothermal power production, but several knowledge gaps, among them mineral precipitation from produced fluids, limit commercial use. For the high-enthalpy supercritical well fluid used as a base case in this review, conventional methods for reducing the silica content before it enters a turbine limit the power output. Knowledge of the particle-number density, size and time scales of growth in different depressurization scenarios, along with the silica solubility, kinetics and morphology, is essential to handle deposits and avoid scaling in inconvenient parts of the power plant. Experimental data on the precipitation of silica from highly supersaturated superheated steam are scarce, and it is known that the kinetics of precipitation in steam differ from those of liquid water. We argue that to quantify the number of solids in the depressurized supercritical fluid and superheated steam, dividing the process into three separate but dependable mathematical steps is a reliable approach: (1) the nucleation of nanocolloids, (2) growth by agglomeration, and (3) deposition onto a surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticle Formation from Supercritical Geothermal Sources

Bordvik,

Næss

2023

Energies

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“…At IDDP-2, an inferred casing collapse at about 2300 m depth occurred shortly after drilling which prevented further probing the heating up of the deeper parts of the well (Friðleifsson et al, 2020). Previous geophysical multi-parameter inversion had estimated a temperature of about 450 to 550 • C at the approximate depth of the well bottom (Hokstad and Tänavsuu-Milkeviciene, 2017;Friðleifsson et al, 2020) and fluid inclusions obtained from quartz crystals in open fractures in core samples from the deepest part of the well suggested fluid temperatures of up to 600 • C (Bali et al, 2020;Zierenberg et al, 2021), implying that IDDP-2 had reached one of the hottest geothermal resource ever drilled. Cold-water injection was performed for approximately two years in the 2017-2018 period to stimulate the reservoir and to keep the well under control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%