Active Commuting by Bicycle: Results of an Educational Intervention Study

Abstract

We suggest taking these findings into consideration in further studies to understand better the role of educational intervention on active commuting by bicycle.

Transtheoretical Model of Change during Travel Behavior Interventions: An Integrative Review

“…Four studies reported a change in the number of trips per transport mode [28,31,33,35] of which three reported a decrease in car trips, two reported an increase in public transport trips and/or trips by bike, and there was one each for increased walking or carpooling. Changes in the main transport mode were reported in five of the studies [9,31,34,35,36], showing an increase in bicycle use, walking, and the use of active transport modes in combination. Car use and public transport use were reported as decreasing due to the intervention.…”

“…The units in which the outcomes were measured varied, thus making comparison difficult, especially when raw data was not provided. Surprisingly, only three studies focused on the progression to higher stages of change [9,27,31]. Four studies reported an improved willingness to use the target transport mode, reflecting a progression during the pre-action stages [28,30,33,34].…”

“…Examples include interventions supporting consciousness raising [9,28] which were implemented during all stages, as well as interventions supporting skill improvements [7,29], which were implemented during the precontemplation and contemplation stages. The common mismatch between processes and stages of change emphasizes the need for further research.…”

“…The TTM consists of five major stages, as previously described by transport researchers [9,10,11] and illustrated in Table 1. During the first stage—precontemplation—the individual has no intention of changing his/her behavior and is unaware of the negative consequences of his/her current behavior.…”

Trains in the Land of the Car: A Case Study of Mobility as Agency in the United States

“…Self-efficacy-the belief that individuals are able to execute behaviors that lead to desired outcomes-is a significant predictor of behavioral change [10]. In line with the soft approach, interventions often focus on reinforcing beliefs aligned with sustainable travel via group discussions, role-play, and information campaigns [14][15][16]. In recent years, many innovative projects have capitalized on evolving sustainability values, national or local policy frameworks that prioritize environmental concerns, or high-density cities with established or expanding public transport infrastructure to implement more sustainable travel (see for example [9,10,14,17]).…”