Active components and molecular mechanism of Syringa oblata Lindl. in the treatment of endometritis based on pharmacology network prediction

Abstract

Antibiotic treatment of endometritis was limited by the inevitable antibiotic residues and risk of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the development of safe and effective strategies for endometritis treatment is urgently needed. Syringa oblata Lindl. (SOL) showed great pharmacological potential against endometritis. However, the active components and underlying mechanism of SOL for endometritis treatment remain indeterminate. In our study, the active components and possible molecular mechanism of SOL against endometritis were predicted through computer data mining and biological networks construction. It was predicted that the main active components of SOL were luteolin, kaempferol, oleanolic acid, and rutin, and their anti-endometritis effect was mainly attributed to the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, a green and efficient deep eutectic solvent combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) was performed and optimized to obtain high contents of total flavonoid, rutin, and luteolin. The four predicted active components in the SOL extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by LC/MS and HPLC. Finally, the pharmacological effects of SOL and active components have been verified by Staphylococcus aureus-endometritis models in mice. H&E staining and bacterial load in uterus tissues assays initially validated the pharmacodynamic effects of SOL, and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and ELISA results confirmed that SOL and four active components could ameliorate the uterus injury caused by Staphylococcus aureus, the mechanism of action is related to the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Sustainable extraction of ligustilide and ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix, for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

“…The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS in macrophages were measured by quantitative real-time PCR according to previously reported method [16] . The RAW264.7 cells (5 × 10 5 /well) were seeded in 6-well plates, cultured 12 h, and stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h before the treatment with various conditions for 24 h. The total RNA was extracted using RNAprep Pure Cell/Bacteria Kit (Tiangen Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) from the cells according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…Currently, the extraction industry is moving fast into sustainable processes based on the implementation of ecologically friendly extraction methods in the food and pharmaceutical industries. For the purpose of sustainable development, a number of novel techniques such as aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) [13] , ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) [14] , and deep eutectic solvents-assisted extraction (DESE) [15] , [16] have been developed because of in line with sustainable development strategies [17] . For example, water-phase enzyme extraction has become a green phytochemical extraction technology [18] .…”