Active Components of Catalysts of Methane Conversion to Synthesis Gas: Brief Perspectives

Abstract

Methane transformation into more valuable products has attracted extensive attention. Synthesis gas is an important intermediate product in the chemical industry. Several syngas production methods are available, depending on the purpose of the industrial application. A major limitation of the processes is the rapid deactivation of the catalyst, which has been commonly attributed to the sintering of the active sites of catalyst and carbon formations on these sites, induced by methane decomposition and CO disproportionation. The catalyst consists of an active component and support. Ceria-based systems have been extensively employed as the support because of their unique redox properties and high oxygen storage capacity. The most promising approach is to design an excellent active site of the catalyst, based on noble or transition metals. A comparison of perspective active components, especially polymetallic components, is considered here.

Optimization of Ni-Based Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane via Alloy Design: A Review

“…In recent years, cobalt has been added to Ni-based catalysts to form bimetallic catalysts because of their similar electronic configuration . The Ni–Co alloy catalyst is a very promising catalyst for DRM reactions because it combines the high activity of nickel with the excellent resistance to carbon deposition of cobalt . Ni–Co alloys show higher CO 2 and CH 4 conversions than single metal nickel-based catalysts and no carbon deposition or metal sintering in the DRM reaction for 30 h .…”

“…Several factors used to explain the synergistic effect of bimetallic surfaces are listed as follows: (i) ensemble effect, changes in catalytic properties due to changes in chemical composition; (ii) ligand effect, interactions of adjacent metal atoms; (iii) strain effect, related to the electron orbital and surface electronic structure of atoms. Here, it is worth noting that synergistic effects occur only at lower noble metal loadings, i.e., optimal Pt loading levels of 0.1 wt %, 0.6 wt % for Ru and 0.05 wt % for Pd, which improves catalytic performance and metal dispersion …”

Design Strategy, Synthesis, and Mechanism of Ni Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming Reaction: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…In contrast, thermocatalysis exhibits higher conversion associated with the promotion effect of temperature in activating methane molecules. Therefore, thermocatalysis is also the most promising technique for methane utilization. − …”

Supercritical fluid-assisted modification combined with the resynthesis of SmCoO3 as an effective tool to enhance the long-term performance of SmCoO3-derived catalysts for the dry reforming of methane to syngas

“…[9][10][11] (2) The capability to perform DRM in a range of operating temperatures at atmospheric pressure. 7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] (3) The simultaneous utilization of CH 4 , which holds second place among the most harmful greenhouse gases. 1 (4) The capability to apply biogenic raw yielding almost equimolar mixture of CH 4 and CO 2 as a feedstock for DRM.…”