Active detachment faulting above the Peruvian flat slab

McNulty, Brendan; Farber, Daniel L.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0567:adfatp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 70 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rousse et al [2003] also suggest that <10 Ma ago anticlockwise paleomagnetic rotations in the western Cordillera of Peru may, in turn, be related to subduction of the Nazca Ridge, which may have led to activation of the Cordillera Blanca (CB) fault and exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca batholith. Tectonic reconstructions suggest that the Nazca ridge subduction point had migrated to the south of the Cordillera Blanca fault just after 5 Ma ago [Rousse et al, 2003], similar to the timing of onset of extension on the Cordillera Blanca Fault $5 Ma ago [McNulty and Farber, 2002]. Although the possible relationship between aseismic ridge collision and tectonic rotations at the Andean margin is not completely clear, there is some evidence that ridge collisions and tectonic rotations were closely linked in space in time.…”

Section: A316 Tyrrhenian Basinmentioning

confidence: 83%

Collisional model for rapid fore‐arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back‐arc rifting in subduction settings

Wallace

Ellis

Mann

2009

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

104

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[1] We review geophysical and geological data from 23 active and ancient plate boundaries to document a compelling spatial and temporal relationship between collision, plate boundary curvature, rapid tectonic rotations, and the occurrence of back-arc rifting. Our observations support a conceptual model where the change from subduction to collision causes rapid fore-arc rotation (when viewed in a reference frame relative to the bounding tectonic plates), leading to marked plate boundary curvature. Our global compilation reveals that most active back-arc rifts are associated with rapidly rotating fore arcs and nearby collisions. Thus, we propose that collision and rapid fore-arc rotations play a major role in the evolution and kinematics of back-arc basins. We conduct numerical modeling to better understand the physical processes behind these observed rapid tectonic rotations at convergent margins. Our results suggest that the presence of an indentor or choke point in the subduction system (e.g., collision) can generate rapid rotation of the fore arc about a nearby pole and lead to back-arc rifting. The rate of fore-arc rotation and back-arc rifting depends on the incoming indentor velocity and can be greatly enhanced by slab rollback and the presence of a low-viscosity back arc. Where viscosity of the back arc is low, fore-arc rotation dominates; where back-arc viscosity is high, the formation of strike-slip faults and tectonic escape dominates. Our observational and model-derived results illustrate that shallow crustal forces produced by the entry of buoyant features into subduction zones are a fundamental mechanism for the generation of fore-arc block rotations, plate boundary curvature, back-arc rift evolution, and tectonic escape in subduction systems. Rollback of the subducting slab within the mantle will certainly enhance the processes we describe but it is not the only driving force. Wallace, L. M., S. Ellis, and P. Mann (2009), Collisional model for rapid fore-arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back-arc rifting in subduction settings, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q05001,

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Section: A316 Tyrrhenian Basinmentioning

confidence: 83%

Collisional model for rapid fore‐arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back‐arc rifting in subduction settings

Wallace

Ellis

Mann

2009

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

104

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“…Only in northernmost Peru (4 to 6 • S latitude) is uplift of the coastal area associated with subduction-induced earthquakes (Bourgois et al, 2007). Further south, the Cordillera Blanca area (around 12 • S latitude) may have been uplifted due to upwelling of magma (McNulty and Farber, 2002). In particular, the coastal segment south of 13 • S hosts raised Quaternary marine terraces (Regard et al, 2010), suggesting the occurrence of surface uplift at least during Quaternary times.…”

Section: Geologic and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible threshold controls on sediment grain properties of Peruvian coastal river basins

2017

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Abstract. To determine possible controls on sediment grain properties, 21 coastal rivers located along the entire western Peruvian margin were analysed. This represents one of the largest grain size dataset that has been collected over a large area. Modern gravel beds were sampled along a north-south transect on the western side of the Peruvian Andes where the rivers cross the tip of the mountain range, and at each site the long a axis and the intermediate b axis of about 500 pebbles were measured. Morphometric properties of each drainage basin, sediment and water discharge, together with flow shear stresses, were determined and compared against measured grain properties. Pebble size data show that the values for the D 50 are nearly constant and range between 2 and 3 cm, while the values of the D 96 range between 6 and 12 cm. The ratios between the intermediate and the long axis range from 0.67 to 0.74. Linear correlations between all grain size percentiles and water shear stresses, mean basin denudation rates, mean basin slopes and basin sizes are small to non-existent. However, exceptionally large D 50 values of 4-6 cm were measured for basins situated between 11-12 and 16-17 • S latitude where hillslope gradients are steeper than on average or where mean annual stream flows exceed the average values of the western Peruvian streams by a factor of 2. We suggest that the generally uniform grain size pattern has been perturbed where either mean basin slopes or water fluxes exceed threshold conditions.

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“…The Callejon de Huaylas supradetachment basin (Fig. 21.3c) is situated in the hanging wall of the active, 20-45 west-dipping Cordillera Blanca normal fault Schwartz, 1988;Petford and Atherton, 1992;McNulty and Farber, 2002). The >1.3 km-thick succession was deposited on folded Jurassic-Cretaceous strata and lower Cenozoic arc volcanic rocks (Giovanni et al, 2010).…”

Section: Cretaceous Stratamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic Evolution of Hinterland Basins in the Andes and Tibet

Horton

2011

Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins

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Sedimentary basins have been generated in hinterland regions of the Andean and Himalayan-Tibetan orogens during Cenozoic plate convergence. These hinterland basins record nonmarine sediment accumulation (commonly in high-elevation, lowrelief, internally drained, arid/semiarid settings) during protracted deformation and surface uplift of continental crust. In South America, Andean hinterland basins are produced between the western magmatic arc and craton-directed fold-thrust belt to the east. In the India-Asia collision zone, hinterland basins develop as elements of the growing Tibetan plateau between the Himalayan thrust belt and Asian plate interior to the north. Hinterland sedimentary basins in the Andes and Tibet are distinguished from foreland basins adjacent to their respective fold-thrust belts by structural position, elevation, and stratigraphic evolution. Sediment accommodation in these hinterland basins is created by flexure, fault-induced subsidence, and topographic ponding, with common examples of remnant foreland basins succeeded by younger hinterland basins.

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Active detachment faulting above the Peruvian flat slab

Cited by 70 publications

References 23 publications

Collisional model for rapid fore‐arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back‐arc rifting in subduction settings

Collisional model for rapid fore‐arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back‐arc rifting in subduction settings

Possible threshold controls on sediment grain properties of Peruvian coastal river basins

Cenozoic Evolution of Hinterland Basins in the Andes and Tibet

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