Active immunization toward the MAGE-A3 antigen in patients with metastatic melanoma: Four-year follow-up results from a randomized phase II study (EORTC16032-18031).

Kruit, W.; Suciu, Stefan; Dréno, Brigitte; Chiarion-Sileni, Vanna; Mortier, Laurent; Robert, Caroline; Maio, Michele; Lehmann, Frédéric; Brichard, Vincent G.; Spatz, Alan; Eggermont, A.M.M.; Keilholz, Ulrich

doi:10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8535

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Mage 3A antigen is expressed in approximately 50%–60% of patients with melanoma in stage III, and in previous phase I and II studies the recombinant protein showed immunological and clinical effect in patients with unresectable stages III and IV A. The clinical effect seemed related to a specific tumor-host genomic profile, and the tolerance to the treatment was excellent compared with other drugs or with the standard adjuvant treatments commonly used for solid tumors (breast, colon, gastric, and lung cancer) [45]. …”

Section: Adjuvant Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 93%

Melanoma M (Zero): Diagnosis and Therapy

et al. 2013

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This paper reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of M zero cutaneous melanoma including the most recent developments. This review also examined the main risk factors for melanoma. Tumor thickness measured according to Breslow, mitotic rate, ulceration, and growth phase has the greatest predictive value for survival and metastasis. Wide excision of the primary tumor is the only potentially curative treatment for primary melanoma. The sentinel node biopsy must be performed on all patients who have a primary melanoma with a Breslow thickness > 1 mm, or if the melanoma is from 0,75 mm to 1 mm thick but it is ulcerated and/or the mitotic index is ≥1. Total lymph node dissection consists in removing the residual lymph nodes in patients with positive sentinel node biopsy, or found positive on needle aspiration biopsy, without radiological evidence of spread. Isolated limb perfusion and isolated limb infusion are employed in patients within transit metastases with a rate of complete remission in around 50% and 38% of cases. Electrochemotherapy is mainly indicated for palliation in cases of metastatic disease, though it may sometimes be useful to complete isolated limb perfusion. The only agent found to affect survival as an adjuvant treatment is interferon alpha-2. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves local control of melanoma in patients at a high risk of recurrence after lymph node dissection.

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Section: Adjuvant Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 93%

Melanoma M (Zero): Diagnosis and Therapy

et al. 2013

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“…A randomized phase III trial involving patients with completely resected stage III melanoma with detectable MAGE-3-specific expression in resected lymph nodes (DERMA study, GlaxoSmithKline) has completed accrual, and results are expected shortly. This trial is unique in having incorporated a tumor tissue profile that appears to predict benefit of vaccine therapy, as preliminarily tested in patients with advanced melanoma who were vaccinated against Mage A3 [ 70 ]. The results of this trial are expected in 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant Therapy: Melanoma

Davar

Tarhini

Kirkwood

2011

Journal of Skin Cancer

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With an incidence that is increasing at 2–5% per year, cutaneous melanoma is an international scourge that disproportionately targets young individuals. Despite much research, the treatment of advanced disease is still quite challenging. Immunotherapy with high-dose interferon-α2b or interleukin-2 benefits a select group of patients in the adjuvant and metastatic settings, respectively, with significant attendant toxicity. Advances in the biology of malignant melanoma and the role of immunomodulatory therapy have produced advances that have stunned the field. In this paper, we review the data for the use of interferon-α2b in various dosing ranges, vaccine therapy, and the role of radiotherapy in the adjuvant setting for malignant melanoma. Recent trials in the metastatic setting using anticytoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody therapy and BRAF inhibitor therapy have demonstrated clear benefit with prolongation of survival. Trials investigating combinations of these novel agents with existing immunomodulators are at present underway.

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“…The E1694 trial that tested adjuvant GM2-KLH21 vaccination was shown to be ineffective and could even be detrimental in stage II melanoma patients [16,17]. A randomized phase 2 trial (DERMA) tested adjuvant therapy where MAGE-A3 protein did not reach its primary endpoint of relapse-free survival [18].…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy

Tu,

Aydin,

Maraboyina

et al. 2023

Cancers

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A simple way to understand the immune system is to separate the self from non-self. If it is self, the immune system tolerates and spares. If it is non-self, the immune system attacks and destroys. Consequently, if cancer has a stem cell origin and is a stem cell disease, we have a serious problem and a major dilemma with immunotherapy. Because many refractory cancers are more self than non-self, immunotherapy may become an uphill battle and pyrrhic victory in cancer care. In this article, we elucidate cancer immunity. We demonstrate for whom, with what, as well as when and how to apply immunotherapy in cancer care. We illustrate that a stem cell theory of cancer affects our perspectives and narratives of cancer. Without a pertinent theory about cancer’s origin and nature, we may unwittingly perform misdirected cancer research and prescribe misguided cancer treatments. In the ongoing saga of immunotherapy, we are at a critical juncture. Because of the allure and promises of immunotherapy, we will be treating more patients not immediately threatened by their cancer. They may have more to lose than to gain, if we have a misconception and if we are on a wrong mission with immunotherapy. According to the stem cell theory of cancer, we should be careful with immunotherapy. When we do not know or realize that cancer originates from a stem cell and has stem-ness capabilities, we may cause more harm than good in some patients and fail to separate the truth from the myth about immunotherapy in cancer care.

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Active immunization toward the MAGE-A3 antigen in patients with metastatic melanoma: Four-year follow-up results from a randomized phase II study (EORTC16032-18031).

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Melanoma M (Zero): Diagnosis and Therapy

Melanoma M (Zero): Diagnosis and Therapy

Adjuvant Therapy: Melanoma

Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy

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