Active impedance of a phased-array antenna element simulated by a single element in waveguide

Balfour, M.

doi:10.1109/tap.1967.1138902

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This technique has been applied to measure array aperture reflection coefficient [28]. In other studies, the active reflection coefficient is found through the excitation of the single- [29] and multi-element [30] WG simulators, where the WG is terminated with a matched load. The novelty of the present work is the extension of the WG simulator technique to the case of nonlinear and nonreciprocal AiUCs.…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Design and Validation Approach for Beam-Steerable Phased Arrays of Active Antenna Elements With Integrated Power Amplifiers

Vilenskiy

Liao

Maaskant

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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An approach for designing a beam-steering active phased array of antenna elements with integrated power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. It is based on an amplifying active integrated unit cell (AiUC) concept, where the AiUC comprises a radiating slot element, a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), its input matching and DC biasing/feeding circuitry. The HEMT is embedded in the antenna element, being directly impedance-matched to HEMT's drain output, i.e. without using any intermediate and potentially lossy impedance matching network. The proposed co-design approach involves a full-wave analysis of the AiUC passive part (naturally including elements mutual coupling effects) along with the subsequent fullsystem harmonic balance simulations. Furthermore, we extend the standard definition of the scan element pattern (SEP) to the active scan element pattern (ASEP) that accounts for nonlinear effects of PAs on AiUC performance. We show that the ASEP is, in general, power-dependent and has a different shape as compared to the SEP. The proposed approach has been demonstrated for a K-band AiUC design example. It was verified through an active waveguide simulator, which is equivalent to the 23.7 • H-plane beam-steering case. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations, revealing AiUC 47% peak drain efficiency and 33 dBm maximum radiated power. The predicted scan range is ±60 • and ±37 • in the E-and H-plane, respectively.

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Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Design and Validation Approach for Beam-Steerable Phased Arrays of Active Antenna Elements With Integrated Power Amplifiers

Vilenskiy

Liao

Maaskant

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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show abstract

“…This impedance is called 'active impedance' and is a function of scan angle and frequency of operation. The dimension of the simulator can be calculated from the relation : A = λ / (2 sin θ) where A is the edge of square waveguide, θ is the scan angle and λ is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of the band 7 . The simulator dimensions are matched to those of WR-159 standard waveguide for C-band, so that the regular test bench can be used for S-parameter measurements 8,9 .…”

Section: Design Of Phase Shifter Parts Using Hfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Prototyping and Development of Rotary Field Ferrite Phase Shifter

Aggarwal

Matheru

2016

Def. Sc. Jl.

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Review of the virtual prototyping and physical development of the rotary field ferrite phase shifter is presented. A description of the basic principle of operation of the rotary field ferrite phase shifter has been given along with the key aspects about the design and virtual prototyping of various parts of the phase shifter viz ferrite rod, yoke, polarisers and matching section using HFSS and 3-D Maxwell softwares. Calibrated simulation performance of the phase shifters is presented and it shows good agreement with physical measurement results. Three prototypes and one hundred production capable phase shifter modules were fabricated, functionally tested and RF characterised. This is an indigenous development of the physical prototypes of rotary field class of ferrite phase shifters of C-band. This class of ferrite phase shifters finds application in phased array radars, such as battery level radar and weapon locating radar, because of its high phase accuracy and high power handling capability.

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“…Thus only the single port needs to be terminated. These simple simulators are useful for H-plane, wide-angle, principal plane work, where no grating lobes appear (Balfour, 1967). Figure 15.13 shows three simulators for an array with a square lattice.…”

Section: Waveguide Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and Tolerances

Hansen

2009

Phased Array Antennas

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Active impedance of a phased-array antenna element simulated by a single element in waveguide

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Co-Design and Validation Approach for Beam-Steerable Phased Arrays of Active Antenna Elements With Integrated Power Amplifiers

Co-Design and Validation Approach for Beam-Steerable Phased Arrays of Active Antenna Elements With Integrated Power Amplifiers

Virtual Prototyping and Development of Rotary Field Ferrite Phase Shifter

Measurements and Tolerances

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