Active Ka-band Open-Ended Waveguide Antenna with Built-in IC Cooling for Use in Large Arrays

Abstract

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A 34- to 36-GHz Active Transmitarray for Ka-Band Tracking Radar Using 5G Tx/Rx Beamforming ICs: Design and 64-Element Demonstrator

“…According to worst-case scenario to etching and alignment tolerances is shown in red. The range of mutual coupling is depicted in yellow as S x1 [31] simulations based on 30 µm etching tolerances, the operating bandwidth could be shifted by up to 500 MHz. The elements are expected to achieve HPBWs of over 120°and 90°in the Hand E-planes, respectively, with a realized gain of 5.5 dBi and 95% radiation efficiency.…”

“…Based on simulations in CST MWS, the OEWG elements achieve a broadside realized gain of 4.5 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 96%. The element beamwidth is 130°and 80°i n the E-and H-planes, respectively [31]. A more symmetric and high-gain pattern would be preferred for the full-scale array, which could be achieved by tapering the OEWGs out to horn apertures.…”

A Review of PA-Antenna Co-design: Direct Matching, Harmonic Tuning and Power Combining

“…Moreover, placing PAs in a densely-spaced grid could result in a significant thermal power dissipation in a relatively small area, leading to stringent cooling requirements. A sparse array configuration with fewer higher-powered elements, leading to relaxed area and thermal constraints, could be a promising option in such a case [27]. At sufficiently high output powers, thermals may also constraint the radiating element itself, leading to all-metal designs as presented in [28].…”

Ka-band Transmitarray with Integrated High-Power Amplifiers for Limited-Scan Applications

“…Besides the low transmission loss and high transmit power capacity, the metal waveguide array can act as a heatsink to guide the heat away from the electronics. For scalable high-performance cooling, liquid channels can be intertwined with the waveguides as also demonstrated in [8].…”