“…Robots that perform construction tasks need correct information about their positions within their surroundings, and such localization is critical to the success of their tasks [17,18]. Localization problems can be categorized into three types: position tracking, global positioning, and the kidnapped-robot problem [19,20]. At present, techniques used to solve such problems include odometry, probabilistic modeling, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and radio-frequency identification (RFID) [17,18,21].…”