Active Ni and Fe species on catalysts Ni/Al2O3 and NiFe/Al2O3 for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane to ethylene assisted by CO2

Continuous flow hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-dimethylfuran over alumina-supported nickel–iron alloy catalysts

“…The reduction behavior of Fe oxides on the Al 2 O 3 sample was similar to previous observations. 32 As for the monometallic NiAl sample, the broad peak detected in a wide range of 400-700 °C could be ascribed to the reduction of bulk NiO and/or the stronger Ni oxide interacting with the alumina state generally appears at a temperature higher than 600 °C based on previous studies. 28,33,34 However, the phase of NiAl 2 O 4 was not noticed by XRD and XANES analysis because of the low calcination temperature.…”

“…The reduction behavior of Fe oxides on the Al 2 O 3 sample was similar to previous observations. 32 As for the monometallic NiAl sample, the broad peak detected in a wide range of 400–700 °C could be ascribed to the reduction of bulk NiO and/or the stronger Ni oxide interacting with the alumina into metallic Ni species. Although, it has been that the reduction of the NiAl 2 O 4 spinel-type structure into Ni 0 state generally appears at a temperature higher than 600 °C based on previous studies.…”

“…The rst peak at lowest temperature was due to the reduction of a-Fe 2 O 3 into Fe 3 O 4 and/or bulk NiO to metallic Ni; whereas, the second peak was due to the reduction of Fe 2 O 3 to FeO to Fe and/or the partial NiO to metallic Ni. 32,35,36 Besides, the third peak occurring at the highest temperature was attributed to the reduction of stronger Ni and/or Fe oxides interacting with alumina to give metallic species. 32,37 It should be remarkably pointed that the detected peaks for the bimetallic NiFeAl samples were shied to lower temperature in comparison to the monometallic NiAl and FeAl catalysts, implying that the hydrogen spillover effect was pronounced to facilitate the reduction process of the bimetallic catalysts.…”

Preparation, Structure‐Performance Relationship, and Reaction Network of ZnZSM‐5 for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2

“…The combination of Equations (2)–(4) forms an indirect CO 2 ‐ODH pathway. Meanwhile, there are several side reactions such as dry reforming [Equation (5)], coking [Equation (6)], Boudouard reaction [Equation (7)], and C 2 H 6 cracking [Equation (8)], leading to the formation of other products including H 2 , CH 4 , coke, etc [29–32] $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm C}{_{2}}{\rm H}{_{6}}+{\rm CO}{_{2}}={\rm C}{_{2}}{\rm H}{_{4}}+{\rm H}{_{2}}{\rm O}+{\rm CO}\hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm C}{_{2}}{\rm H}{_{6}}={\rm C}{_{2}}{\rm H}{_{4}}+{\rm H}{_{2}}\hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm CO}{_{2}}+{\rm H}{_{2}}={\rm H}{_{2}}{\rm O}+{\rm CO}\hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm CO}{_{2}}+{\rm 4H}{_{2}}={\rm CH}{_{4}}+{\rm 2H}{_{2}}{\rm O}\hfill\cr}}$$$ …”

“…Meanwhile, there are several side reactions such as dry reforming [Equation ( 5)], coking [Equation ( 6)], Boudouard reaction [Equation ( 7)], and C 2 H 6 cracking [Equation ( 8)], leading to the formation of other products including H 2 , CH 4 , coke, etc. [29][30][31][32] C…”