Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Endomba, Francky Teddy; Ngouo, Anderson; Nkeck, Jan René; Nyaga, Ulrich Flore; Kazé, Arnaud D.; Bigna, Jean Joël

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37858-z

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We conducted the rst systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on a range of biological, behavioural as well as psychosocial factors and their associations with T2DM in Africa. Consistent with other systematic reviews and meta-analyses [95,[127][128][129], publication outputs have increased over time [130]. The greatest number of studies were from West and East Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Issaka¹,

Paradies²,

Cameron³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health concern in many African countries. While the determinants underpinning T2DM are likely to be Africa-specific, knowledge of these risk factors is largely derived from developed countries. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to include biological, behavioural and psychosocial risk factors for T2DM in Africa. Methods Relevant scientific databases were searched, and data were extracted from 66 studies. Fifty- nine studies reported unadjusted data and were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2.0. The Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CIs for the associations between BMI indices (overweight, obesity), central obesity (waist circumference, waist to hip ratio), behavioural (alcohol, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking), physical inactivity, and psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, and depression) and T2DM were calculated using a random-effect model. Moderator effects of age, language-spoken, sub-regions and urban/rural location was assessed. Results A number of risk factors were associated with T2DM including, BMI-based definitions of obesity [OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 92.73, 3.80)], overweight [OR = 2.22, 95% CI: (1.90, 2.58)], or overweight/obesity [OR = 2.58, 95% CI: (1.76, 3.78)]; Central obesity as measured by waist circumference [OR = 2.51, 95% CI: (1.86, 3.37)], or waist to hip ratio [OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.72]; psychosocial factors which includes stress [OR = 2.2, 95% CI: (1.46, 3.31)], depression [OR = 2.42, 95% CI: (1.14, 3.31)] and anxiety [OR = 2.05, 95% (CI:1.0, 4.18)] and physical inactivity [OR = 1.88, 95% CI: (1.53, 2.23)]. Current smoker [OR = 1.13, 95% CI: (0.84, 1.49)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.10, 95% CI: (0.82, 1.47)] and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption [OR = 0.81, 95% CI: (0.57, 1.16)] were not associated with T2DM. Locality (urban/rural), language spoken, and sub-region (East/West Africa) did not significantly moderate the associations between the risk factors and T2DM. Conclusion Obesity (defined by BMI) is most strongly associated with T2DM. Overweight, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, physical inactivity, psychosocial risk factors defined as stress, depression, anxiety were all significantly associated with T2DM. These findings add novel meta-analyses of associations between diverse individual risk factors and T2DM within the African context.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Issaka¹,

Paradies²,

Cameron³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coronary artery disease was a less important cause of AF . Several studies have suggested that coronary artery disease is less frequent in SSA populations compared to those in other regions, despite the high prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus . The epidemiology of coronary artery disease in SSA remains hazy, and the infrequency of this disease is explained, in parts, by underdiagnosis due to low disease awareness among health providers and the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tools .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NOUBIAP AND NYAGA | 3011 hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus. [7][8][9][10][11] The epidemiology of coronary artery disease in SSA remains hazy, and the infrequency of this disease is explained, in parts, by underdiagnosis due to low disease awareness among health providers and the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tools. 100 The prevalence of coronary artery disease is likely to increase with the surge in prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and improved diagnostic methods, and might, therefore, be a more substantial driver of AF in SSA in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region is facing an epidemiological transition, with noncommunicable diseases which are expected to overtake infectious diseases as the leading cause of mortality by 2035 . This surge in the burden of cardiovascular disease in SSA is driven by risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus . AF is another potential major cardiovascular risk factor in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub‐Saharan Africa

Noubiap

Nyaga²

2019

Cardiovasc electrophysiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This systematic review summarizes the data on the prevalence, risk factors, complications, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2019, to identify all published studies providing data on AF in populations living in SSA. A total of 72 studies were included. The community‐based prevalence of AF was 4.3% and 0.7% in individuals aged ≥40 years and aged ≥70 years, respectively. The prevalence of AF ranged between 6.7% and 34.8% in patients with ischemic stroke, between 9.5% and 46.8% in those with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), between 5% and 31.5% in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The main risk factors for AF were hypertension, affecting at least one‐third of patients with AF, and valvular heart disease (12.3%‐44.4%) and cardiomyopathy (~20%). Complications of AF included heart failure in about two thirds and stroke in 10% to 15% of cases. The use of anticoagulation for stroke prevention was suboptimal. Rate control was the most frequent therapeutic strategy, used in approximately 65% to 95% of AF patients, with approximately 80% of them achieving rate control. The management of AF was associated with exorbitant cost. In conclusion, AF seems to have a higher prevalence in the general population than previously thought and is mostly associated with hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and RHD in SSA. It is associated with a high incidence of heart failure and stroke. The management of AF is suboptimal in SSA, especially with a low uptake of oral anticoagulation.

show abstract

“…Explanations have been offered on the possible mechanisms; that hyperglycemic effects on the physiologic status of the lungs, in ammatory responses or the lungs susceptibility to infections may be a signi cant contributor to this association (55,56), another possible mechanism is offered by Zheng et al, which attributed the association to a sustained diabetes level resulting in oxidative stress (OS) thereby causing tissue damage (57). Aside from these possibilities, lifestyles such as tobacco use, sedentary life, physical inactivity, air pollution as well as age have been implicated as possible risk factors for both heart and lung diseases (37,51,(58)(59)(60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and correlates of cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years in Benin: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey

Ekholuenetale

Nzoputam

Barrow

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries are facing an epidemiological shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The burden of CVDs in a population results from the prevalence of several factors. This study was to determine the association of diabetes and correlates with heart and lung diseases.Methods: We used Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) population-based cross-sectional data. BDHS 2017-18 is the fifth of its kind. A total of 7712 women of reproductive age were included in this study. Heart and lung diseases were the outcome variables. Percentage and logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.Results: The prevalence of heart disease was 1.3% (95%CI: 1.0%-1.7%) and lung disease was approximately 1.5% (95%CI: 1.2%-1.9%). Women who had diabetes were also found to be 3.57 times significantly more likely to have heart disease when compared with those who do not have diabetes (AOR= 3.57; 95%CI: 1.51 – 8.45). Furthermore, women with diabetes were 4.55 times significantly more likely to also have lung diseases when compared with those who do not have diabetes (AOR= 4.55; 95%CI: 2.06 – 10.06). Women who had hypertension were found to be 3.18 times significantly more likely to have heart disease when compared with those who had no hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.18; 95%CI: 2.02 – 4.98).Conclusion: Diabetes was a key determinant of heart disease. Health policymakers and government need to focus on widespread prevention and control interventions of heart disease through improved screening for risk factors and early detection of CVDs especially among high-risk women. The government should also create nationwide awareness and educate people about CVDs and its fatality rate.

show abstract

Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 98 publications

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub‐Saharan Africa

Diabetes and correlates of cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years in Benin: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About