Active Surveillance versus Spontaneous Reporting for First-Line Antiretroviral Medicines in Namibia: A Cost–Utility Analysis

Mann, Marita; Mengistu, Assegid; Gaeseb, Johannes; Sagwa, Evans; Mazibuko, Greatjoy; Babigumira, Joseph B.; Garrison, Louis P.; Stergachis, Andy

doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0432-y

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We found one study which used a decision tree model. [32] Over the course of a lifetime, a person experiences numerous clinical conditions that may recur, as well as be uncertain in nature; so a decision tree might not be the right tool for interventions to treat for such conditions because of the complexity and inconvenience of representing all probable sequences of events over the entire course of a person's lifetime (or alternative time horizon).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Tran

Saleem²,

Lim

et al. 2021

Aids

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We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO:CRD42020184490) using five databases from 1999-2019. Methods:Studies were included if they reported primary data on lifetime costs for people living with HIV. Two reviewers independently assessed the titles and abstracts, and data were extracted from full texts: lifetime cost, year of currency, country of currency, discount rate, time horizon, perspective, method used to estimate cost, and cost items included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the discounted lifetime costs (2019 USD). Results:Of 505 studies found, 260 full-texts were examined and 75 included. Fifty (67%) studies were from high-income, 22 (29%) from middle-income and 3 (4%) from low-income countries. Of 65 studies which reported study perspective, 45 (69%) were healthcare provider and the remainder were societal. The median lifetime costs for managing HIV differed according to: 1) country income level: $5,221 (IQR:2,978-11,177) for low-income to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Tran

Saleem²,

Lim

et al. 2021

Aids

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“…Besides, the active local disease surveillance model for African migrants should be established to obtain sufficient health information unavailable from the current passive surveillance system. 33 The enhanced surveillance could help determine the medical needs of African migrants accurately and then implement corresponding interventions. Finally, more international clinics targeting African migrants should be set around the African community clusters to solve culture and custom conflicts, language barriers and distrust, impeding the accessibility of health service utilisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health service utilisation among African migrants in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesTo assess the health utilisation status and associated factors among African migrants in China.DesignA national cross-sectional study was conducted among African migrants in China in 2019.SettingParticipants were recruited online and offline to participate in a self-report survey. Online participants were recruited through WeChat across China, and offline participants were recruited in Guangzhou.ParticipantsWe recruited participants who were from an African country; had spent at least 1 month cumulatively in China; were at least 18 years old; were willing to provide informed consent. A total of 1025 participants were recruited online and offline, 19 of them were excluded due to invalid response and 1006 people were finally included in the analysis.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was health service utilisation and associated factors among African migrants during their stay in China in the past 12 months. The potential factors include the predisposing factors (demographic characteristics and social structure variables), enabling factors (annual income, health insurance in China) and need factors (non-communicable chronic and infectious diseases, depression) which determined by Anderson framework were measured.ResultsEight hundred and seven online and 218 offline participants completed the survey, including 624 males and 382 females, with an average age of 26.4±8.9 years. Around 28.5% reported health utilization in the past 12 months. Results showed that longer duration in China, migration to China for business (aOR=2.23, 95% CI:1.13-4.40) and study (aOR=5.00, 95% CI:2.74-9.11), living in apartment (aOR=2.59, 95% CI:1.62-4.14) or dormitory (aOR=3.22, 95% CI:2.17-4.80) in China, suffering from chronic diseases, communicable diseases, and greater depressive symptoms (aOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.42-2.56) facilitated health service utilization.ConclusionsThe healthcare service that African migrants received in China is low. The existing public health policies and intervention measures need to be improved to make health utilisation more accessible and feasible for African migrants.

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“…This is done mainly through spontaneous reporting systems (SRS), which are intended to periodically assess whether the risk/benefit ratio of the drug remains favorable; or otherwise, to determine if there is a need to implement actions and reduce the risks. 12 , 13 An essential tool in the study of medication post-marketing behavior is active pharmacovigilance. Unlike spontaneous reporting pharmacovigilance, this tool allows an appraisal of ADRs’ real incidence, a higher capacity to identify safety signals, the relationship with concomitant medicines, pathologies, and lifestyle characteristics prevalent in the study population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike spontaneous reporting pharmacovigilance, this tool allows an appraisal of ADRs’ real incidence, a higher capacity to identify safety signals, the relationship with concomitant medicines, pathologies, and lifestyle characteristics prevalent in the study population. 13 , 14 Drug Event Monitoring is a structured method of active pharmacological monitoring, which allows patients to be followed up at pre-specified intervals using questionnaires designed to obtain the data of interest. This system allows detailed information to be obtained on the events and evolution of a large number of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Solution Safety Profile: Active Surveillance of a Sodium Hyaluronate/Chondroitin Sulfate Combination in Peruvian Population

Contreras-Salinas¹,

Barajas-Hernández²,

Baiza-Durán³

et al. 2021

DHPS

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Background Sodium hyaluronate/chondroitin sulfate fixed combination plays an essential role in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, a multifactorial disease accompanied by ocular symptoms like alteration of the tear film. Despite low or no absorption of such drugs, these can cause secondary effects. An essential tool in the study of medication behavior is active pharmacovigilance. Unlike spontaneous reporting pharmacovigilance, this tool allows an appraisal of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)’ real incidence, a higher capacity to identify safety signals, the relationship with concomitant drugs and pathologies prevalent in the study population. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and identify and/or assess adverse reactions in an uncontrolled population. Methods Active pharmacovigilance by Drug Event Monitoring was performed. A total of 3 follow-up calls were made for 30 days for the identification of the ADRs, tolerability (ADR severity, seriousness, long term sequelae, and duration) and the possible risks (safety signals, medical interactions) of sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate (HUM). Results Thirty-five ADRs were identified in the 212 patients included in the study (0.17 ADR/patient). The 35 ADRs were classified into 3 System Organ Class (SOC) groups: general disorders and administration site conditions (74.2%), eye disorders (22.9%), and nervous system disorders (2.9%); and 4 Preferred Term (PT) groups: burning sensation (74.2%), followed by blurred vision (20%), ocular pain (2.9%) and headache (2.9%). All the ADRs were categorized as mild and not serious. No statistically significant differences were found in concomitantly medications, posology and age groups. Conclusion Good tolerability to the solution was identified, with a low incidence of ADRs. Just the same, all the associated ADRs were consistent with the information found in HUM’s physicochemical profile and the physiopathology of DED. No unknown risks were identified, reinforcing HUM’s safety profile.

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Active Surveillance versus Spontaneous Reporting for First-Line Antiretroviral Medicines in Namibia: A Cost–Utility Analysis

Abstract: Active surveillance pharmacovigilance was projected to be highly cost effective to improve treatment for HIV in Namibia. Active surveillance pharmacovigilance may be valuable to improve lives of HIV patients and more efficiently allocate health resources in Namibia.

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Health service utilisation among African migrants in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Ophthalmic Solution Safety Profile: Active Surveillance of a Sodium Hyaluronate/Chondroitin Sulfate Combination in Peruvian Population

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