Active synchronization and modulation of fiber lasers with a graphene electro-optic modulator

Li, Diao; Xue, Hui; Wang, Yadong; Qi, Mei; Kim, Wonjae; Li, Changfeng; Riikonen, Juha; Ren, Zhaoyu; Bai, Jintao; Lipsanen, Harri; Sun, Zhipei

doi:10.1364/ol.43.003497

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Interestingly, besides passive scheme, actively mode‐locked/Q‐switched lasers based on layered materials such as graphene and antimonene have been also proposed . For these lasers, layered materials‐based optical modulators play a key role, and we will review them in detail in the next section.…”

Section: Versatile Pulsed Lasers Using 2d Layered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Guo

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

421

197

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In recent years, 2D layered materials, including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and metal‐organic frameworks, have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and energy. Their rise in the field of nonlinear photonics began around 2009 and has become an important research direction. Here, the synthesis techniques, nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and device applications of layered materials are reviewed. In terms of nonlinear optical properties, the focus is on saturable absorption and Kerr nonlinearity. On this basis, their applications in various pulsed lasers, including fiber lasers, solid‐state lasers, waveguide lasers, and related nonlinear optical phenomenon, are summarized. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical polarizers, optical switchers, and even all‐optical device, are also involved. It is believed that the development of 2D layered materials in the field of photonics will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for its practical application.

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Section: Versatile Pulsed Lasers Using 2d Layered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Guo

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

421

197

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12,13 These modulators possess typical drawbacks such as large footprint, high cost, and complexity in both fabrication and optical system integration. 14 Graphene is the most-known two-dimensional (2D) material that has been employed in an array of applications such as electro-optical modulators, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] saturable absorbers, [31][32][33][34][35] photodetectors, 36 infrared spectroscopy, 37 and optical nanoimaging. 38 Optical modulators were also proposed by integrating other 2D materials such as boron nitride, 39 molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), 40 and graphene/MoS 2 heterostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, graphene has a zero bandgap structure beneficial for electro-optical applications offering optical resonant excitation over a broad operation bandwidth and low energy consumption. 42 Indeed, GEOMs have been previously demonstrated for stabilization, 24 status switching, 21 active Q-switching, 27,28 and mode-locking of different lasers. 29 Nevertheless, the current technology still relies on free-space optical alignment to integrate GEOMs with the laser cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable graphene electro–optical modulators for all-fibre pulsed lasers

Lau

Perros

et al. 2021

Nanoscale

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“…In addition, ZnS as a transition metal sulfide and compound semiconductormaterial, has cubic sphalerite and hexagonal wurtzite crystal structures with band gaps of 3.67–3.75 eV and 3.91–3.94 eV, respectively . The properties of these particles in the photoelectric field depend largely on their size, surface morphology, and crystal structure type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnS Nanospheres for Optical Modulator in an Erbium‐Doped Fiber Laser

Liu

Feng

et al. 2020

Annalen der Physik

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Zinc sulfide (ZnS), which belongs to transition metal monochalcogenides, is a semiconductor material with wide direct band gap. It can potentially show some special applications (such as luminescence, phosphor, sensors, infrared window materials, photocatalysis) by changing the morphology, size, and crystal structure of semiconductor materials. However, ZnS nanospheres have not been studied as optical modulators until now. Herein, ZnS nanospheres are synthesized by the hydrothermal method and are used to realize optical modulators in an Er‐doped fiber laser. The evanescent field effect is utilized to incorporate the ZnS nanospheres on a tapered fiber. Furthermore, with the increase in pump power, the modulation interval gradually decreases to a minimum of 34.36 ns corresponding to the modulation frequency of 29.1 MHz, which is the highest modulation frequency to our knowledge in a ring cavity all‐fiber laser. These results demonstrate ZnS nanospheres together with the interaction of dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers can modulate the proposed lasers. This not only provides a new method for controlling the power and frequency of all optical modulators, but also marks an important step for ZnS materials in optics research and device applications.

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Active synchronization and modulation of fiber lasers with a graphene electro-optic modulator

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Scalable graphene electro–optical modulators for all-fibre pulsed lasers

ZnS Nanospheres for Optical Modulator in an Erbium‐Doped Fiber Laser

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