Actively Tunable Collective Localized Surface Plasmons by Responsive Hydrogel Membrane

Quilis, Nestor Gisbert; Dongen, Marcel van; Venugopalan, P.; Kotlarek, Daria; Petri, Christian; Cencerrado, Alberto Moreno; Stanescu, Sorin; Toca-Herrera, José L.; Jonas, Ulrich; Möller, Martin; Mourran, Ahmed; Dostálek, Jakub

doi:10.1002/adom.201900342

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…[ 19 ] Colloid‐based materials allow for embedding of nanoparticle arrays into flexible free‐standing polymer films, [ 20 ] enabling the design of mechanically tunable [ 21 ] and stimuli‐responsive hydrogel membranes. [ 22 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Surface Lattice Resonances

et al. 2020

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resonances. [5,6] A collective excitation (SLR) possesses a reduced linewidth as compared to the excitation of the LSPRs in nanoparticle ensembles. [1][2][3][4] Thus, SLRs can provide high quality-factor metasurfaces with substantial impact in nanophotonic and sensing applications. [1][2][3][4] Oblique incidence on planar metasurfaces constructed of an array of split-ring resonators showed that SLRs can also selectively respond to the handedness of circularly polarized light, causing sharp lattice-mode assisted extrinsic circular dichroism. [7,8] The spectral position of these SLRs can be tuned by the angle of incidence, leading to the emergence of extrinsic chiral surface lattice resonances. [9][10][11][12] Strong optical activity can also result from plasmonic 3D nanostructures without mirror symmetry. However, SLRs from arrays of 3D building-blocks with intrinsic chirality remain unexplored, but promise decreased losses and enhanced optical activity. [1,13] The fabrication of chiral 3D nanostructures is challenging for both, bottom-up and top-down methods. [14][15][16] Recently, the excitation of SLRs was seen in self-assembled, large area colloidal systems. [17,18] Such systems offer the possibility for fast manufacturing and covering large-areas on different substrate materials. [19] Colloid-based materials allow for embedding of nanoparticle arrays into flexible free-standing polymer films, [20] enabling the design of mechanically tunable [21] and stimuliresponsive hydrogel membranes. [22] Here, we use colloidal lithography [23][24][25] to fabricate arrays of 3D crescents with a selective response to the handedness of incident circularly polarized light, and we experimentally demonstrate handedness-dependent (chiral) SLRs at normal incidence. Colloidal lithography [23][24][25] is an experimentally simple and fast process to fabricate 3D chiral plasmonic nanostructures. [26][27][28] However, a necessary condition to observe SLRs in such nanostructure arrays is that their lattice constant must be in the range of the wavelength of the LSPRs of the individual nanostructures. [1][2][3][4] For objects with resonances in the near-infrared, such as, for example, split ring resonators, this requires large interparticle distances approaching the micrometer range. For conventional colloidal lithography processes, which depend on the controlled shrinkage of a polymer particle matrix, such distances are not easily achievable. [12,[28][29][30] Therefore, we use core-shell particles with rigid cores (silica) and soft, deformable polymer shells. [31,32] The particles selfassemble into hexagonally ordered monolayers at the air/water Collective excitation of periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles by coupling localized surface plasmon resonances to grazing diffraction orders leads to surface lattice resonances with narrow line width. These resonances may find numerous applications in optical sensing and information processing. Here, a new degree of freedom of surface lattice resonances is experimentally investigated by dem...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Surface Lattice Resonances

et al. 2020

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“…Responsive polymers represent an important class of materials that serve in a broad range of applications spanning from drug delivery, 1 switchable biocompatible coatings, 2 and advanced biointerfaces in bioanalytical devices 3 , 4 to active materials driving miniature actuators and micromachines. 5 , 6 Responsive polymers are designed to change their properties with various stimuli, among which temperature is one of the most commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Actuation of Thermo-Responsive Polymer Networks: Investigation of the Transition Kinetics

et al. 2022

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The swelling and collapsing of thermo-responsive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)-based polymer (pNIPAAm) networks are investigated in order to reveal the dependency on their kinetics and maximum possible actuation speed. The pNIPAAm-based network was attached as thin hydrogel film to lithographically prepared gold nanoparticle arrays to exploit their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for rapid local heating. The same substrate also served for LSPR-based monitoring of the reversible collapsing and swelling of the pNIPAAm network through its pronounced refractive index changes. The obtained data reveal signatures of multiple phases during the volume transition, which are driven by the diffusion of water molecules into and out of the network structure and by polymer chain re-arrangement. For the micrometer-thick hydrogel film in the swollen state, the layer can respond as fast as several milliseconds depending on the strength of the heating optical pulse and on the tuning of the ambient temperature with respect to the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer. Distinct differences in the time constants of swelling and collapse are observed and attributed to the dependence of the cooperative diffusion coefficient of polymer chains on polymer volume fraction. The reported results may provide guidelines for novel miniature actuator designs and micromachines that take advantages of the non-reciprocal temperature-induced volume transitions in thermo-responsive hydrogel materials.

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“…The excitation of these two types of LSP modes can be reversibly switched by collapse and swelling of the hydrogel, accompanied by a modulation of the refractive index n h (thus perturbing and re-establishing the symmetry). Such behavior was observed for the metallic structures prepared on top of a responsive pNIPAAm-based hydrogel cushion, 128 as well as for self-assembled architectures with synthetically prepared gold/pNIPAAm hydrogel core/shell nanoparticles. 131 …”

Section: Responsive Plasmonic Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Afterwards, these nanoparticles were attached to a NIPAAm-based polymer network in order to obtain thin responsive plasmonic membranes. 128 This polymer network was prepared either by irradiation of a photocrosslinkable pNIPAAm-based copolymer carrying benzophenone groups or by direct polymerization of monomers in contact with the surface carrying metallic nanostructures. The first route yielded a hydrogel film with a thickness of 2.2 μm, while the second route allowed a significant increase of the attainable thickness to about 40 μm (both in swollen state).…”

Section: Responsive Plasmonic Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%