Actividad Antimicrobiana De Extractos Obtenidos De La Interacción Dual Entre Micromicetos Saprobios

Abstract

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saprophytic micromycetes are recognized for their extraordinary ability to biosynthesize various metabolites with biological properties that can be modified when interacting with other organisms. <strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the antibacerial and antifungal activity of extracts obtained from dual interactions of <em>Acremonium masseei</em> CICY029<em> </em>(<em>Am</em>), <em>Beltraniella portoricensis </em>MR42<em> </em>(<em>Bp</em>), <em>Cylindrium elongatum</em> MR45 (<em>Ce</em>) y <em>Stachybotrys </em>sp. MR33 (<em>S</em>sp) and to obtain the chemical profile of the most active interaction. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The ethyl acetate extracts of the four strains and their six dual interactions were evaluated against ten pathogens by the microdilution method to determine their antifungal and antibacterial capacity. The most active extracts were partitioned, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) o their fractions were determined. The chemical profile of the most active interaction was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. <strong>Results</strong>: The highest mycelial growth inhibitory activity (MCI = 100%) was obtained from the fungal extracts of the single culture of <em>Stachybotrys</em> sp., and the dual <em>Ce</em>-<em>S</em>sp interaction against <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em> at the concentration of 2000 µg/mL, as well as against <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> at 400 µg/mL. The acetonitrile fraction of <em>Stachybotrys</em> sp. showed high effectiveness against <em>Alternaria tagetica</em>, <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>, <em>M. fijiensis</em> and <em>X. campestris</em> (MIC ≤ 250 -1000 µg/mL). A mixture of fatty acids and three unidentified components not observed in the single cultures were detected by GC-MS in the <em>Ce</em>-<em>S</em>sp extract. <strong>Implications:</strong> Biological interactions between two saprophytic fungi are a viable alternative for inducing the production of new metabolites with the potential to control pathogenic bacteria and fungi. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The antifungal and antibacterial potential of saprophytic micromycetes can be improved in their dual interaction, particularly between <em>C. elongatum</em> MR45 and <em>Stachybotrys</em> sp. MR33, is a promising option for further investigation as potential natural antimicrobials.</p>