Activin A serum levels and aging of the pituitary-gonadal axis: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged and elderly healthy subjects

Baccarelli, Andrea; Morpurgo, Paola S.; Corsi, A.; Vaghi, I.; Fanelli, M.; Cremonesi, G; Vaninetti, S; Beck‐Peccoz, Paolo; Spada, Anna

doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00117-6

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…9 FSH increases slightly in men between 40 and 70 years. 10,11 This is concomitant with a decrease in inhibin B and an increase in activin A. 10 In addition, the decrease in Leydig cell function yields in an agerelated reduction in testosterone levels, 8,10 starting at the age of 30 years.…”

Section: Testicular Function and Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 This is concomitant with a decrease in inhibin B and an increase in activin A. 10 In addition, the decrease in Leydig cell function yields in an agerelated reduction in testosterone levels, 8,10 starting at the age of 30 years. 12 The manifestations include decreased bone and muscle mass, sexual body hair and beard growth, and increased abdominal obesity, as well as higher incidence of erectile dysfunction, which increases to .30%-40% in the eighth decade.…”

Section: Testicular Function and Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Wiener-Megnazi¹,

Auslender²,

Dirnfeld³

2011

Asian J Androl

103

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Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspects are clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.

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Section: Testicular Function and Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testicular Function and Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Wiener-Megnazi¹,

Auslender²,

Dirnfeld³

2011

Asian J Androl

103

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“…The profile of hormone concentrations during senescence would be expected to be the reverse of the profile seen in situations known to increase longevity such as CR as well as during other stresses that could be representative of hostile reproductive environments (table 1). The only hormones for which there are sufficient data to make a determination and that meet both the above criteria are LH, FSH [Burger et al, 1999;Kettel et al, 1996] and activins [Harada et al, 1996;Loria et al, 1998;Baccarelli et al, 2001]. It also is possible that GnRH meets the above criteria but there are no serum concentration data available during human senescence to make this determination.…”

Section: Mitogenic Factor(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Living and Dying for Sex

2004

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A mechanistic understanding of aging has yet to be described; this paper puts forth a new theory that has the potential to explain aging in all sexually reproductive life forms. The theory also puts forth a new definition of aging – any change in an organism over time. This definition includes not only the changes associated with the loss of function (i.e. senescence, the commonly accepted definition of aging), but also the changes associated with the gain of function (growth and development). Using this definition, the rate of aging would be synonymous with the rate of change. The rate of change/aging is most rapid during the fetal period when organisms develop from a single cell at conception to a multicellular organism at birth. Therefore, ‘fetal aging’ would be determined by factors regulating the rate of mitogenesis, differentiation, and cell death. We suggest that these factors also are responsible for regulating aging throughout life. Thus, whatever controls mitogenesis, differentiation and cell death must also control aging. Since life-extending modalities consistently affect reproduction, and reproductive hormones are known to regulate mitogenesis and differentiation, we propose that aging is primarily regulated by the hormones that control reproduction (hence, the Reproductive-Cell Cycle Theory of Aging). In mammals, reproduction is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones. Longevity inducing interventions, including caloric restriction, decrease fertility by suppressing HPG axis hormones and HPG hormones are known to affect signaling through the well-documented longevity regulating GH/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/Forkhead pathway. This is exemplified by genetic alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans where homologues of the HPG axis pathways, as well as the daf-2 and daf-9 pathways, all converge on daf-16, the homologue of human Forkhead that functions in the regulation of cell cycle events. In summary, we propose that the hormones that regulate reproduction act in an antagonistic pleiotrophic manner to control aging via cell cycle signaling; promoting growth and development early in life in order to achieve reproduction, but later in life, in a futile attempt to maintain reproduction, become dysregulated and drive senescence.

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“…However, this decrease in Sertoli cell mass was not trailed by a decrease in Sertoli cell functions. In fact, only a minor decline in Sertoli cell functions was observed due to a compensatory increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels [11,12]. Additionally, a decrease in Leydig cell function led to a decrease in overall androgen levels, especially testosterone, what compromises reproductive functions [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, only a minor decline in Sertoli cell functions was observed due to a compensatory increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels [11,12]. Additionally, a decrease in Leydig cell function led to a decrease in overall androgen levels, especially testosterone, what compromises reproductive functions [11,13,14]. Furthermore, it has also been reported that APA has significant metabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism, incidentally influencing insulin sensitivity [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of the Male Germline: Influence of Advanced Male Age on Reproductive Outcome

Rabaça¹,

Ferreira²

2016

Andrology(Los Angel)

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The rise in life expectancy and the desire to establish a stable career prior to parenthood leads couples to a delayed childbearing. Advanced parental age at the time of pregnancy portrays several risks, with the majority of couples above 35 experiencing reproductive impairments. While the effect of women's age on fertility is well known, the influence of paternal age is less understood. Thus, efforts have been made to comprehend the influence of APA on pregnancy upkeep and disease risk for the offspring. Over the last decades numerous studies aimed to establish the relationship between APA and male fertility potential. It has been found that APA is related to testicular and hormonal alterations, along with a decreased sperm production, quality and DNA integrity. As expected, these alterations compromise the reproductive potential of older men and have been associated with several fecundity problems, including increased time to pregnancy and abortion rates, and decreased fertilization and pregnancy rates. Additionally, alterations in offspring health, like genetic disorders, mental illnesses, congenital anomalies and cancer, have also been linked to APA. As a result, APA influence on the reproductive outcome must be taken into consideration when counseling couples attending family planning consultations or pursuing fertility treatments. Nonetheless, to date, there are still no definite results regarding this problem and an age threshold has yet not been established and additional research to better elucidate the effects of APA on fertility and offspring's health is needed. Likewise, establishing an age threshold for APA would be of great value to males thinking of delaying parenthood, and to physicians for medical advice purposes.

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Activin A serum levels and aging of the pituitary-gonadal axis: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged and elderly healthy subjects

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Living and Dying for Sex

Aging of the Male Germline: Influence of Advanced Male Age on Reproductive Outcome

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