Activists in City Hall: The Progressive Response to the Reagan Era in Boston and Chicago

Remains of the Progressive City? First Source Hiring in Portland and Chicago

“…Other cities like Boston instituted residential hiring requirements on public works projects, which mandated that at least a certain share of work completed on such projects would be done by city residents (Beauregard 1987;Clavel 2010). In a late 1980s survey of local development officials, Goetz (1990) found that roughly half of the localities surveyed made hiring and training of local residents a requirement for industrial and commercial development projects.…”

“…Although many such analyses are explicitly comparative in nature (Goetz 1994;Savitch and Kantor 2002), they are often historical and case-oriented in their approach (Clavel 1986(Clavel , 2010Rast 1999), in an attempt to better understand the conditions, both structural and contingent, under which particular cities-and particular urban coalitions-were able to defy the "city limits" and promote a more progressive, equity-oriented mode of urban development.…”

How Low–Income Residents Can Benefit from Urban Development: The LA Live Community Benefits Agreement

“…In many communities, the emphasis on new high‐rise construction and increasing density is meeting resistance because of such problems as increasing traffic and pollution. Instead, slow‐ and smart‐growth strategies are gaining popularity, with San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, serving as prime examples of this change (Clark et al 2002; Clavel 2010).…”

“…The L.A. Live case study finds that there are four major political and economic factors that contribute to the successful negotiation of a CBA. First, growth coalitions have dominated politics in many urban communities, but their power has begun to erode in the past several decades due to the fragmentation and weakening of growth interests in communities such as Boston, Los Angeles, Portland, and San Francisco (Clavel 2010; Purcell 2000). Second, in these communities, labor, environmental, slow‐growth, faith‐based, and community organizations have worked to form coalitions to support slow‐growth and resident interests (Leavitt 2006; Pastor, Benner, and Matsuoka 2009).…”

“…The rise of organizations and community coalitions and the election of progressive city officials contribute to a shift in the political opportunity structure and the range of resources that groups can utilize to take advantage of new circumstances (Clavel 2010; Kriesi 2007; McAdam 1999; Morris 1984; Walder 2009). The L.A. Live CBA case study described in this article reveals the growing strength of a community coalition in Los Angeles, particularly in grassroots and electoral politics, based upon a strong foundation and durable links among coalition members.…”