Activities of Digital Platforms on the Basis of Clusterization and Innovative Development Strategies in the Conditions of European Integration
Abstract: The purpose of the scientific research is to present the features of the work of digital platforms based on clustering as a foundation on which the gradual formation of smart production and industry is built and to find ways to implement the innovative development strategy of Ukraine in the war and post-war times through the prism of digitalization. The object of scientific research is the digitization of the work of platforms, and the expansion of digital capabilities of their work due to the clustering and n… Show more
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Global Experience of Science and Technology Clusterization in the Digital Epoch: Intellectual and Patent Activities Within Economic Sectors
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of economic results and innovative activity within the scientific and technological clusters of the world, to establish the relationship between the population density of a certain agglomeration and the productivity of its inventors, the effectiveness of researchers and business efficiency, to evaluate the impact of digital technologies on economic success science and technology cluster. Design/methodology/approach – In the article, the author used the method of analysis to study the scientific literature that sheds light on the understanding of the phenomenon of the science and technology cluster, and the method of abstraction helped to separate the economic results of the activity of scientific and technological clusters from their environment. The formulation of conclusions regarding the patterns of development of modern world leaders among science and technology clusters was implemented using the methods of synthesis and generalization, and the comparison of researchers’ views on the priority of cluster activity in the economy was carried out using the method of comparison. The statistical method helped the author establish cause-and-effect relationships in the activity of science and technology clusters in the aspect of general development, and the graphic method provided visualization of the state of development of modern science and technology clusters in the world. Findings – The modern cluster paradigm of economic development aims to promote the deepening of connections between capital markets and advanced ICT and digital technologies, the development of the knowledge economy and environmental sustainability of production, the social orientation of technologies, and obtaining synergistic effects from joint scientific and research developments. The Global Innovation Index 2023 proved the first place in the rating of the world’s science and technology clusters by the economic results of clusters in the Asian region, however, the rating of science and technology clusters by intensity (relative to population density) does not confirm a direct relationship between the population density in a certain territory or in a certain city and economic results cluster. The result of the research was the revealed fact that the field of scientific interests of inventors and researchers of clusters today is expanding as fast as the needs of people, and therefore patent activity can be traced in bio- and medical technologies, pharmaceuticals and optics, information, digital, computer and audiovisual technologies, which is fully justified in the era of digitization and informatization of both the economy and society. Practical implications – The results of this research are of practical interest to everyone who is a direct participant in the science and technology cluster (scientists, economists, inventors,programmers, educators, officials, businessmen, etc.) and who is tangential to its activities, because they all get the opportunity to work on the principles mutual assistance for the sake of common goals, stimulated the development of local markets, scaled up their activities, promoted economic growth. Originality/value – The presented study covers both scientific and real economic results in terms of cluster activity of Japan, the Republic of Korea, the USA, China and other countries of the world, which allows focusing attention on the social behavior and mentality of the people of a certain country, economic and technological maturity, political will and institutional support contribute to the creation and development of science and technology clusters. The author proposes priority directions for strengthening scientific and technological clustering in the developed countries of the world, outlines the expected results from their practical implementation and determines the prerequisites for the beginning of their implementation.
Global Experience of Science and Technology Clusterization in the Digital Epoch: Intellectual and Patent Activities Within Economic Sectors
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of economic results and innovative activity within the scientific and technological clusters of the world, to establish the relationship between the population density of a certain agglomeration and the productivity of its inventors, the effectiveness of researchers and business efficiency, to evaluate the impact of digital technologies on economic success science and technology cluster. Design/methodology/approach – In the article, the author used the method of analysis to study the scientific literature that sheds light on the understanding of the phenomenon of the science and technology cluster, and the method of abstraction helped to separate the economic results of the activity of scientific and technological clusters from their environment. The formulation of conclusions regarding the patterns of development of modern world leaders among science and technology clusters was implemented using the methods of synthesis and generalization, and the comparison of researchers’ views on the priority of cluster activity in the economy was carried out using the method of comparison. The statistical method helped the author establish cause-and-effect relationships in the activity of science and technology clusters in the aspect of general development, and the graphic method provided visualization of the state of development of modern science and technology clusters in the world. Findings – The modern cluster paradigm of economic development aims to promote the deepening of connections between capital markets and advanced ICT and digital technologies, the development of the knowledge economy and environmental sustainability of production, the social orientation of technologies, and obtaining synergistic effects from joint scientific and research developments. The Global Innovation Index 2023 proved the first place in the rating of the world’s science and technology clusters by the economic results of clusters in the Asian region, however, the rating of science and technology clusters by intensity (relative to population density) does not confirm a direct relationship between the population density in a certain territory or in a certain city and economic results cluster. The result of the research was the revealed fact that the field of scientific interests of inventors and researchers of clusters today is expanding as fast as the needs of people, and therefore patent activity can be traced in bio- and medical technologies, pharmaceuticals and optics, information, digital, computer and audiovisual technologies, which is fully justified in the era of digitization and informatization of both the economy and society. Practical implications – The results of this research are of practical interest to everyone who is a direct participant in the science and technology cluster (scientists, economists, inventors,programmers, educators, officials, businessmen, etc.) and who is tangential to its activities, because they all get the opportunity to work on the principles mutual assistance for the sake of common goals, stimulated the development of local markets, scaled up their activities, promoted economic growth. Originality/value – The presented study covers both scientific and real economic results in terms of cluster activity of Japan, the Republic of Korea, the USA, China and other countries of the world, which allows focusing attention on the social behavior and mentality of the people of a certain country, economic and technological maturity, political will and institutional support contribute to the creation and development of science and technology clusters. The author proposes priority directions for strengthening scientific and technological clustering in the developed countries of the world, outlines the expected results from their practical implementation and determines the prerequisites for the beginning of their implementation.
Forecasting the Innovative and Digital Strength of Ukraine’s Economy on the Basis of Correlation-Regress Analysis
The purpose of the research is to present the realised forecasts of Ukraine's economic power in order to find reserves for the recovery of the national economy and opportunities for the formation of digital entrepreneurship on the basis of innovative functioning, which will lead to economic growth in the medium and long term. The object of scientific research is the expenditure on SRD and S&T development by types of work in Ukraine from 2010 to 2022 and the analysis of indicators of GDP the influence of time, employment and inflation factors; expansion of digital capabilities of entrepreneurship due to the conducted R&D, which will become a guarantee of the emergence of breakthrough innovations as one of the key reserves of innovative and digital development of the country during the war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Methodology. A study was conducted utilising dialectical, systematic, mathematical and statistical methods to investigate the R&D expenses by types of work in Ukraine from 2010 to 2022 and the GDP from 2011 to 2023. This analysis determined the prospective existing reserve of economic strength with positive dynamics and highlighted the necessity for a strategic format of digital business work based on innovation. A CRA was conducted to determine the strength of the relationship between SRD expenditures and time (i.e., a set of factors that consistently influence SRD funding and drive its growth trend). Fisher's test was calculated, and an econometric analysis was performed based on GDP indicators over 56 quarters, establishing the dependence of the GDP volume on the time factor and the cyclicality of seasonal fluctuations. Resluts. The conditions for accelerating the digitisation of business processes at domestic enterprises are, in particular, the presence of highly qualified S&R personnel, innovators and researchers in the country, the development of new institutes of innovative and digital development, and the transformation and adaptation of old institutes of development to the existing conditions. The obtained data of CRA show that there is a close relationship between the GDP of Ukraine and the time factor, and the direction of the relationship is direct, i.e., linear, which in this case is a positive fact. It is determined that in pursuit of the goal of restoring the innovative potential of the national economy in the post-war period and further active development of digital entrepreneurship in Ukraine, it is necessary to continue financial support for scientific research and scientific and technical developments carried out in various sectors of the economy. Practical implications. The analysed statistical data had a positive impact on the professionalism of the forecast calculations and allowed to state that in 2027, with a probability of error of 6.29%, the volume of expenditures on research and development is projected to range from 20,202.74 to 29,201.18 million UAH. The results of the CRA show that the multiple correlation coefficient (R) is 0.94, which indicates a close overall relationship between the country's GDP and three independent variables (inflation rate, unemployment rate, time factor). The linear regression equation fits the sample data well and the model is qualitative. The results of the forecast are as follows: Ukraine has the potential for post-war recovery and can develop models for post-war economic reconstruction and changes in its structure. Government officials can develop institutional instruments to attract investment and provide effective mechanisms for the future transformation of the existing labour market and human capital institution. Value / Originality. Having conducted a thorough analysis of the statistical data on the dynamics of spending on S&T development and implementation of the SRD in Ukraine in 2010-2022, the authors managed to determine the relative error of approximation – a criterion for assessing the reliability of the forecast, which amounted to 8.74% and considered the approximation to be qualitative, and the forecast for 2027 is reliable. It is determined that the regression equation is most accurate when R2 approaches its maximum value, that is, 1, and in this case, it is 0.9096, which is a good result and means that the linear regression equation fits the sample data well and the model is of high quality. And for Ukraine's economy, which is under martial law, such positive expectations for GDP and the possibility of increasing R&D spending give hope that Ukraine's economic strength is real, as confirmed by the forecast calculations.
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