Activities of enzymes of starch metabolism in developing Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles

Egger, B.; Hampp, Rüdiger

doi:10.1007/pl00009658

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A considerable number of needles were detached from the damaged 1-year-old shoots by the end of July. As photosynthesis in the current-year shoot might not have been fully activated by the end of July 6 , 30 , the growth of current-year shoots measured in July was considered to mainly reflect the amount of photosynthetic carbon gain in the 1-year-old shoots. Because the extents of photoinhibition measured in spring were greater in the seedlings receiving greater amounts of irradiance in the morning (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

Kitao

Harayama

Han

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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A clear-cutting of canopy trees during winter often causes severe foliar damage during the following spring in forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis, a typical shade-tolerant evergreen coniferous species. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II after an overnight dark adaptation showed a temporary decrease immediately before budbreak in 1-year-old shoots of A. sachalinensis seedlings grown under full sunlight in a nursery, suggesting “springtime photoinhibition” related to the phenology of evergreen coniferous species. In the field, a greater rate of canopy tree cutting during winter was associated with more severe photoinhibition in the following spring, immediately before budbreak, which subsequently resulted in a reduction in carbon gain in 1-year-old shoots, and consequently suppressed the growth of current-year shoots. Although photoinhibition under low temperature is a well-known factor to determine the survival rate of tree seedlings during winter in cool regions, the present study additionally proposes that the temporary increase in the susceptibility to photoinhibition in springtime i.e. “springtime photoinhibition” would be a constraint for the regeneration of coniferous seedlings especially when the canopy trees are removed during winter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

Kitao

Harayama

Han

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…3a,b). However, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, which is often found to increase during cold hardening, and also associated with development of freezing tolerance (Egger and Hampp 1993, 1996), was not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 . Similar results have been reported from studies on needles of black spruce (Campagna and Margolis 1989) and older Norway spruce trees (Landolt and Pfenninger 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Together with a decrease in starch content, these changes probably reflect seasonal sink‐source transitions in carbohydrate metabolism (Hampp et al 1994; Egger and Hampp 1996). The increase in shoot dry weight after growth cessation and bud set was probably due to a transition to formation of late‐wood tracheids with thick walls (Heide 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in photosynthetic capacity found in overwintering evergreens can be attributed to photoinhibition, and could protect the photosynthetic aparatus from further photodamage, such as photo‐oxidative damage to Chl and membrane lipids during periods of high light intensity and subzero temperatures (Huner et al 1993). Increased sucrose content is often found during cold hardening (Egger and Hampp 1993), and could be used for the formation of raffinose and stachyose, which also have been associated with development of freezing tolerance (Egger and Hampp 1996). One of the key enzymes in the control of sucrose synthesis, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), also increases during autumn and winter (Hampp et al 1994; Loewe et al 1996), and Pushnik et al (1999) found increased SPS V Max and increased SPS gene transcription in loblolly pine seedlings grown in an atmosphere enriched in CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²,

Ogner³

2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO2‐enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite their predicted effects on plant distribution and productivity. In this study we looked at the interaction between elevated CO2 and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). First‐year seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO2 (70 Pa) for one simulated growth season. We measured shoot growth, registered the timing of growth cessation and bud set, measured needle net photosynthetic rate, and determined needle carbohydrate concentration (fructose+pinitol, glucose, sucrose, inositol, raffinose and starch). Freezing tolerance (LT50) was determined after exposing whole seedlings to temperatures ranging from −6.5 to −36.0°C and scoring for visual needle browning. Elevated CO2 did not affect height growth or the timing of growth cessation and bud set. The only statistically significant effects of CO2 treatment were on seedling dry weight, percent dry matter and starch content. During the three weeks after growth cessation and bud set, freezing tolerance increased from −10 to −35°C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. However, neither freezing tolerance nor the concentration of soluble sugars was significantly influenced by elevated CO2.

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CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite the predicted effects of elevated CO 2 on plant distribution and productivity. Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings from latitudinally distinct seed sources (66N and 60N) were grown for one simulated growth season under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO 2 (70 Pa) and at ambient CO 2 (40 Pa), combined factorially with low (3.6 mM) or high (15.7 mM) concentrations of nitrogen fertilization. There was a clear difference between the two provenances in height growth, in the timing of bud set, and in freezing tolerance. Nitrogen fertilization increased height growth in both provenances, while CO 2 enrichment stimulated height growth only in the southern provenance. We found no significant effects of elevated CO 2 or nitrogen fertilization on the timing of bud set. During cold acclimation, freezing tolerance increased from 10C to 35C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. Elevated CO 2 in combination with high nitrogen led to a slight increased freezing tolerance in both provenances during the early stages of cold acclimation. However, towards the end of cold acclimation, elevated CO 2 and high nitrogen led to reduced freezing tolerance in the southern provenance, while elevated CO 2 and low nitrogen reduced freezing tolerance in the northern provenance. These results suggest that CO 2 enrichment influences the development of freezing tolerance, and that these responses differ with available nitrogen and between provenances.

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Activities of enzymes of starch metabolism in developing Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

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Activities of enzymes of starch metabolism in developing Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

CO2 enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

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CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce