Activities of Lactating Beef Cows in Confinement

Schake, L. M.; Riggs, J. K.

doi:10.2527/jas1969.284568x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, González et al (2009) reported an average drinking time of 33 min/d in young Holstein heifers (BW, 134 kg) and Huzzey et al (2005) reported that drinking time averaged 5.5 to 6.8 min/d for dairy cows pre-and postpartum. In addition to moisture content of the ration, water intake, and hence drinking time, is related to DMI (Schake and Riggs, 1969). Despite lower DMI of cows fed HF (11.1 vs. 8.2 kg/d) compared with LF, drinking time was still longer for cows fed HF; thus, moisture content of the feed was the dominant factor affecting drinking time in this study.…”

Section: Effects Of F:c Ratiomentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Using instantaneous sampling, the activity was recorded as rumination when repetitive jaw movement occurred while the cow was not eating. Rumination was defined as regurgitation, remastication, and swallowing of boluses (Schake and Riggs, 1969). The beginning of a rumination bout was defined as the time when a bolus came up the esophagus and reached the mouth before the animal began to chew rhythmically, and the ending time was when the final bolus was swallowed.…”

Section: Animal Behavior Data Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating optimal observational sampling frequency of behaviors for cattle fed high- and low-forage diets

Dong

Chibisa

Beauchemin

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Video recordings of behavioral activities including eating, ruminating, drinking, standing, and lying were monitored to determine the minimum number of sampling days and sampling frequency required to obtain reliable estimates of these behaviors. Eight continental crossbred heifers, individually housed in a tie-stall barn with total mixed ration provided once per day, were divided by BW into two blocks and assigned to each of the two dietary treatments in a crossover design: high-forage diet (HF, forage:concentrate ratio 70:30) and low-forage diet (LF, forage:concentrate ratio 30:70). The cows were monitored continuously using a digital video recording system for 6 d in each of the two periods and a trained observer manually recorded the behavioral activities by minute. Mean time spent performing each behavior for 6 d with instantaneous samples of 1 min was compared with those obtained using fewer sampling days (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 d) and less frequent scanning (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min) using linear regression analysis, and the minimum number of sampling days or frequency was determined. Diet did not affect the accuracy and precision of predicting behavior from video recordings of the cows. When sampling days and scanning intervals were combined, the minimum recommended sampling frequency for accurately estimating a specific set of behaviors of beef heifers in tie stalls was: eating, 2 d with 4-min intervals; ruminating, 3 d with 4-min intervals; drinking, 2 d with 3-min intervals; and standing and lying, 2 d with 15-min intervals. Increasing sampling frequency beyond these minimums further enhanced the accuracy and precision of predictions. The total time of each behavioral activity was different between cows fed HF and LF diets with eating, ruminating, total chewing, and standing of heifers fed the HF diet greater (P < 0.01), but the lying (P < 0.01) and drinking time (P = 0.028) of heifers fed the LF diet greater. Meal patterns were different (P < 0.05) between the treatments except when meal size (kg) was expressed as DM or OM intake. For rumination patterns, the mean or maximum bout length (min/bout) was greater, but the maximum or minimum length of time heifers took to ruminate after eating was lower for the HF diet. From a practical standpoint, it is recommended to use 3 days of observations scanned at an interval of 4 min to reliably estimate the behavior of cows. If the focus is only lying and standing time, then 2 days with 15 min intervals can be used.

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Section: Effects Of F:c Ratiomentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Animal Behavior Data Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating optimal observational sampling frequency of behaviors for cattle fed high- and low-forage diets

Dong

Chibisa

Beauchemin

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The animal spent more time eating fodder at the day time compared to the night time at the seventh (23.02 vs. 14.66% of 12 h), eighth (27.39 vs. 12.80% of 12 h) and ninth (25.16 vs. 13.41% of 12 h) month of pregnancy. Schake and Riggs (1969) reported the eating time of Hereford cows during day and night time as 173.2 and 28.8 min, respectively; the difference was significant. Similar finding in buffalo was also reported by Odyou et al (1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The total time spent rumination (in both standing and sitting posture) was always higher at night time than at day time. Schake and Riggs (1969) in lactating beef cows, Hedlund and Rolls (1977) in Holstein cows and Odyuo et al (1995) in lactating buffaloes recorded that the animals spent more time rumination at night time compared to day time. Standing rumination periods at day time were intense between 0600-0700 h, 0800-0900 h and 1600-1700 h whereas at night time it was in between 0200-0300 h, 0500-0600 h, 1900-2000 h and 2300-2400 h. Hedlund and Rolls (1977) noted that maximum rumination occurred at 1000-1600 h and rumination was noted to cease during and about 2 h after feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Feeding Behavior of Pregnant Dairy Heifers during Last Trimester under Loose Housing System

Das¹,

Das²

2007

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Thirty pregnant heifers (Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Hariana) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group) according to their stage of pregnancy viz. seven-month (181-210 days) pregnancy (SMP), eight-month (211-240 days) pregnancy (EMP) and nine-month (241-280 days) pregnancy (NMP) group. Time spent in various feeding activities (eating fodder, eating concentrate, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking) by each animal in the three pregnant groups was recorded in four different sessions (each session of 24 h per week). The time spent eating concentrate, eating fodder, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking

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2024

Domestic Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists

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Activities of Lactating Beef Cows in Confinement

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Estimating optimal observational sampling frequency of behaviors for cattle fed high- and low-forage diets

Estimating optimal observational sampling frequency of behaviors for cattle fed high- and low-forage diets

Feeding Behavior of Pregnant Dairy Heifers during Last Trimester under Loose Housing System

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