Activities of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Leaves and Fruit Pericarp Tissue of Different Coffee (Coffea sp.) Genotypes

Lopez, Y.; Riaño, Néstor M.; Mosquera, P.; Cadavid, Agnes; Arcila, J.

doi:10.1023/a:1007265715108

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In green and red-turning tomato fruit, PEPC enzyme activity is two times higher than RuBisCO activity [70]. Similar results have been obtained for coffee green pericarp, in which the ratio PEPC/RuBisCO activity was higher than in the respective leaves [92]. In the mesocarp of pre-climacteric avocado fruits, the CO 2 recycling occurs by PEPC, with an enzyme activity around 2.5 µmol CO 2 s −1 g −1 fresh weight [47].…”

Section: Assimilation and Refixation Of Internal Cosupporting

confidence: 73%

Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why

Garrido

Conde

Serôdio

et al. 2023

Plants

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Not only leaves but also other plant organs and structures typically considered as carbon sinks, including stems, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds, may exhibit photosynthetic activity. There is still a lack of a coherent and systematized body of knowledge and consensus on the role(s) of photosynthesis in these “sink” organs. With regard to fruits, their actual photosynthetic activity is influenced by a range of properties, including fruit anatomy, histology, physiology, development and the surrounding microclimate. At early stages of development fruits generally contain high levels of chlorophylls, a high density of functional stomata and thin cuticles. While some plant species retain functional chloroplasts in their fruits upon subsequent development or ripening, most species undergo a disintegration of the fruit chloroplast grana and reduction in stomata functionality, thus limiting gas exchange. In addition, the increase in fruit volume hinders light penetration and access to CO2, also reducing photosynthetic activity. This review aimed to compile information on aspects related to fruit photosynthesis, from fruit characteristics to ecological drivers, and to address the following challenging biological questions: why does a fruit show photosynthetic activity and what could be its functions? Overall, there is a body of evidence to support the hypothesis that photosynthesis in fruits is key to locally providing: ATP and NADPH, which are both fundamental for several demanding biosynthetic pathways (e.g., synthesis of fatty acids); O2, to prevent hypoxia in its inner tissues including seeds; and carbon skeletons, which can fuel the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites important for the growth of fruits and for spreading, survival and germination of their seed (e.g., sugars, flavonoids, tannins, lipids). At the same time, both primary and secondary metabolites present in fruits and seeds are key to human life, for instance as sources for nutrition, bioactives, oils and other economically important compounds or components. Understanding the functions of photosynthesis in fruits is pivotal to crop management, providing a rationale for manipulating microenvironmental conditions and the expression of key photosynthetic genes, which may help growers or breeders to optimize development, composition, yield or other economically important fruit quality aspects.

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Section: Assimilation and Refixation Of Internal Cosupporting

confidence: 73%

Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why

Garrido

Conde

Serôdio

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Tomato photosynthesis is restricted to the green phases of development up until chloroplast‐to‐chloroplast differentiation, which is marked by the loss of chlorophyll, the degradation of the thylakoid membranes, and a strong decrease in the levels of photosynthesis‐associated transcripts and proteins (Harris and Spurr, ; Harris and Spurr, ; Cheung et al , ; Barsan et al , ), after which the fruit continues to develop and ripen. This is similar for other fruits such as Capsicum annum (pepper) (Steer and Pearson, ), Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) (Hiratsuka et al , ), blueberry (Birkhold et al , ); coffee ( Coffea arabica ) (Cannell, ; Lopez et al , ); Prunus tomentova (plum) (Aoyagi and Bassham, ); the ornamental plant Arum italicum (Ferroni et al , ) and Jatropha curcas (Ranjan et al , ). In satsuma mandarin, it has been demonstrated that photosynthesis occurs in these fruits, is greater at low irradiances, and increases with increasing [CO 2 ] supplied through fully developed stomata in the rind of satsuma (Hiratsuka et al , ).…”

Section: Fruit Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 54%

Photosynthesis in non‐foliar tissues: implications for yield

et al. 2020

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Summary Photosynthesis is currently a focus for crop improvement. The majority of this work has taken place and been assessed in leaves, and limited consideration has been given to the contribution that other green tissues make to whole‐plant carbon assimilation. The major focus of this review is to evaluate the impact of non‐foliar photosynthesis on carbon‐use efficiency and total assimilation. Here we appraise and summarize past and current literature on the substantial contribution of different photosynthetically active organs and tissues to productivity in a variety of different plant types, with an emphasis on fruit and cereal crops. Previous studies provide evidence that non‐leaf photosynthesis could be an unexploited potential target for crop improvement. We also briefly examine the role of stomata in non‐foliar tissues, gas exchange, maintenance of optimal temperatures and thus photosynthesis. In the final section, we discuss possible opportunities to manipulate these processes and provide evidence that Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants genetically manipulated to increase leaf photosynthesis also displayed higher rates of ear assimilation, which translated to increased grain yield. By understanding these processes, we can start to provide insights into manipulating non‐foliar photosynthesis and stomatal behaviour to identify novel targets for exploitation in continuing breeding programmes.

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“…In higher plants, whether photosynthesis can occur in sink organs is still a matter of debate. Fruit photosynthesis has been studied in coffee, peas, soybeans, avocados, oranges, apples, and grape berries ( Quebedeaux and Chollet, 1975 ; Atkins et al., 1977 ; Blanke and Lenz, 1989 ; Lopez et al., 2000 ; Aschan and Pfanz, 2003 ; Breia et al., 2013 ; Garrido et al., 2018 ), where it may contribute additional organic carbon to plant growth ( Aschan and Pfanz, 2003 ), O 2 for respiration, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis ( Rolletschek et al., 2003 ; Breia et al., 2013 ; Garrido et al., 2018 ). It could even refix CO 2 produced during mitochondrial respiration ( Blanke and Lenz, 1989 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proteomic analysis shows the stimulation of light reactions and inhibition of the Calvin cycle in the skin chloroplasts of ripe red grape berries

et al. 2022

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The role of photosynthesis in fruits still challenges scientists. This is especially true in the case of mature grape berries of red varieties lined by an anthocyanin-enriched exocarp (skin) almost impermeable to gases. Although chlorophylls are degraded and replaced by carotenoids in several fruits, available evidence suggests that they may persist in red grapes at maturity. In the present study, chloroplasts were isolated from the skin of red grape berries (cv. Vinhão) to measure chlorophyll levels and the organelle proteome. The results showed that chloroplasts (and chlorophylls) are maintained in ripe berries masked by anthocyanin accumulation and that the proteome of chloroplasts from green and mature berries is distinct. Several proteins of the light reactions significantly accumulated in chloroplasts at the mature stage including those of light-harvesting complexes of photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII), redox chain, and ATP synthase, while chloroplasts at the green stage accumulated more proteins involved in the Calvin cycle and the biosynthesis of amino acids, including precursors of secondary metabolism. Taken together, results suggest that although chloroplasts are more involved in biosynthetic reactions in green berries, at the mature stage, they may provide ATP for cell maintenance and metabolism or even O2 to feed the respiratory demand of inner tissues.

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Activities of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Leaves and Fruit Pericarp Tissue of Different Coffee (Coffea sp.) Genotypes

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why

Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why

Photosynthesis in non‐foliar tissues: implications for yield

A proteomic analysis shows the stimulation of light reactions and inhibition of the Calvin cycle in the skin chloroplasts of ripe red grape berries

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