Activity Coefficients of Single Strong Electrolytes

Zemaitis, Joseph F.; Clark, Diane M.; Rafal, Marshall; Scrivner, Noel C.

doi:10.1002/9780470938416.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The combination of the Bromley and Meissner activity coefficient model did not give a favourable result in comparison with experimental data. But, provided the "B" in Bromley's equation parameters are available and reliable, the Bromley model has been identified to give a similar result to the Pitzer model at high ionic strength (Zemaitis et al, 1986;Liu et al, 2003;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The activity coefficient measures the deviation from the ideal mixture and can be calculated from various models (Bromley, 1973;Helgeson & Kirkham, 1974;Zemaitis et al, 1986;Pitzer, 1991). These models differ in their degree of complexity (Helgeson, 1981;Ross, 2012) and are computed as a function of ionic strength and temperature.…”

Section: Activity Coefficients Models (𝜸 𝒊𝑻 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 3) is an interaction parameter between ions, its value for some salt species is reported by Bromley, (1973) at 25 o C. T ( o C) in Eq. ( 4) is the temperature of interest (Zemaitis et al, 1986).…”

Section: Activity Coefficients Models (𝜸 𝒊𝑻 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of activity coefficient and equilibrium constant models on the speciation of aqueous solutions of H2SO4–MgSO4–Al2(SO4)3 at 235 and 250°C

Dickson¹,

Deleau²,

Coquelet³

et al. 2023

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Supersaturation occurs in many industrial applications promoting reactive crystallisation between the reactants to form solutes. These solutes accumulate during precipitation, leading to the formation of scales on the inner walls of the reactor and particularly around the stirrer, causing modifications in the hydrodynamics. This encrustation is responsible for process shutdowns in continuous crystallisation processes. Supersaturation control is essential for industrial processes aimed at controlling or inhibiting the formation of these solids. Knowledge of mineral solubility and chemical speciation is required to account for the composition of the complexes in the system in their various solid or aqueous forms. This speciation is obtained by considering the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of the dissociation/complexation reactions involved in the system, the pressure, and the activity coefficients of the chemical species in their molecular or electrolyte form. From these thermodynamic quantities and the state of the system, we can predict the direction of the reaction. This study highlights the risk of the lack of experimental information on equilibrium constants at high temperatures and moderate pressures. Our goal is to evaluate the accuracy of existing models classically used to predict the equilibrium constant in such very hard conditions encountered in hydrometallurgical processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the influences of equilibrium constants estimation and activity coefficient models on the speciation of H2SO4–Al2(SO4)3–MgSO4 systems, forming hydronium alunite and kieserite in the laterite liquor of hydrometallurgical processes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%