Activity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of hamsters previously tested for tinnitus following intense tone exposure

Kaltenbach, James A.; Zacharek, Mark A.; Zhang, Jinsheng; Frederick, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.038

Cited by 216 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In fact, it is entirely possible that multiple cochlear nucleus cell populations play a role in tinnitus, both VCN populations and, as indicated by a large body of animal work, DCN populations (Brozoski et al 2002;Kaltenbach et al 2004). It is also possible that the cochlear nucleus neuronal populations involved in tinnitus differ among people.…”

Section: Roles For the Vcn And Dcn In Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Suggest a Role for the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus in Tinnitus

Herrmann

Levine

et al. 2012

JARO

205

202

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Numerous studies have demonstrated elevated spontaneous and sound-evoked brainstem activity in animal models of tinnitus, but data on brainstem function in people with this common clinical condition are sparse. Here, auditory nerve and brainstem function in response to sound was assessed via auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in humans with tinnitus and without. Tinnitus subjects showed reduced wave I amplitude (indicating reduced auditory nerve activity) but enhanced wave V (reflecting elevated input to the inferior colliculi) compared with non-tinnitus subjects matched in age, sex, and puretone threshold. The transformation from reduced peripheral activity to central hyperactivity in the tinnitus group was especially apparent in the V/I and III/I amplitude ratios. Compared with a third cohort of younger, non-tinnitus subjects, both tinnitus, and matched, non-tinnitus groups showed elevated thresholds above 4 kHz and reduced wave I amplitude, indicating that the differences between tinnitus and matched non-tinnitus subjects occurred against a backdrop of shared peripheral dysfunction that, while not tinnitus specific, cannot be discounted as a factor in tinnitus development. Animal lesion and human neuroanatomical data combine to indicate that waves III and V in humans reflect activity in a pathway originating in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and with spherical bushy cells (SBC) in particular. We conclude that the elevated III/I and V/I amplitude ratios in tinnitus subjects reflect disproportionately high activity in the SBC pathway for a given amount of peripheral input. The results imply a role for the VCN in tinnitus and suggest the SBC pathway as a target for tinnitus treatment.

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Section: Roles For the Vcn And Dcn In Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Suggest a Role for the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus in Tinnitus

Herrmann

Levine

et al. 2012

JARO

205

202

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“…Therefore, when using categorical criteria, a negative test may indicate the weak expression of tinnitus rather than normal behavior. Studies of the neuropathology of tinnitus may avoid these ambiguities by relating continuous physiological metrics, such as neural spontaneous rate, to the actual magnitude of the tinnitus score (Kaltenbach et al, 2004).…”

Section: Generalization Profiles For Sound-induced Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Reliability of Tinnitus Screening in Laboratory Animals

Jones

May

2016

JARO

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Behavioral screening remains a contentious issue for animal studies of tinnitus. Most paradigms base a positive tinnitus test on an animal's natural tendency to respond to the Bsound^of tinnitus as if it were an actual sound. As a result, animals with tinnitus are expected to display soundconditioned behaviors when no sound is present or to miss gaps in background sounds because tinnitus Bfills in the gap.^Reliable confirmation of the behavioral indications of tinnitus can be problematic because the reinforcement contingencies of conventional discrimination tasks break down an animal's tendency to group tinnitus with sound. When responses in silence are rewarded, animals respond in silence regardless of their tinnitus status. When responses in silence are punished, animals stop responding. This study introduces stimulus classification as an alternative approach to tinnitus screening. Classification procedures train animals to respond to the common perceptual features that define a group of sounds (e.g., high pitch or narrow bandwidth). Our procedure trains animals to drink when they hear tinnitus and to suppress drinking when they hear other sounds. Animals with tinnitus are revealed by their tendency to drink in the presence of unreinforced probe sounds that share the perceptual features of the tinnitus classification. The advantages of this approach are illustrated by taking laboratory rats through a testing sequence that includes classification training, the experimental induction of tinnitus, and postinduction screening. Behavioral indications of tinnitus are interpreted and then verified by simulating a known tinnitus percept with objective sounds.

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“…Undesirable learning effects can reduce the magnitude of positive test results over repeated sessions (Heffner and Harrington 2002;Kaltenbach et al 2004) and ultimately will lead to false negative test results. That is, a subset of rats with tinnitus may display normal GPIASR because they have learned effective listening strategies for gap detection.…”

Section: Adequacy Of Behavioral Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Unilateral Acoustic Trauma on Tinnitus-Related Spontaneous Activity in the Inferior Colliculus

Ropp

Tiedemann

Young

et al. 2014

JARO

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This study describes the long-term effects of soundinduced cochlear trauma on spontaneous discharge rates in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC). As in previous studies, single-unit recordings in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed pervasive increases in spontaneous discharge rates. Based on differences in their sources of input, it was hypothesized that physiologically defined neural populations of the auditory midbrain would reveal the brainstem sources that dictate ICC hyperactivity. Abnormal spontaneous activity was restricted to target neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus. Nearly identical patterns of hyperactivity were observed in the contralateral and ipsilateral ICC. The elevation in spontaneous activity extended to frequencies well below and above the region of maximum threshold shift. This lack of frequency organization suggests that ICC hyperactivity may be influenced by regions of the brainstem that are not tonotopically organized. Sound-induced hyperactivity is often observed in animals with behavioral signs of tinnitus. Prior to electrophysiological recording, rats were screened for tinnitus by measuring gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIASR). Rats with positive phenotypes did not exhibit unique patterns of ICC hyperactivity. This ambiguity raises concerns regarding animal behavioral models of tinnitus. If our screening procedures were valid, ICC hyperactivity is observed in animals without behavioral indications of the disorder. Alternatively, if the perception of tinnitus is strictly linked to ongoing ICC hyperactivity, our current behavioral approach failed to provide a reliable assessment of tinnitus state.

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Activity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of hamsters previously tested for tinnitus following intense tone exposure

Cited by 216 publications

References 20 publications

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Suggest a Role for the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus in Tinnitus

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Suggest a Role for the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus in Tinnitus

Improving the Reliability of Tinnitus Screening in Laboratory Animals

Effects of Unilateral Acoustic Trauma on Tinnitus-Related Spontaneous Activity in the Inferior Colliculus

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