Activity Level of Lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase Enzymes in the honeybee colonies, (Apis mellifera L.) with different feeding

Effect of some antimicrobial drugs on the fitness of honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

“…Each sample was homogenized using fastgene® mixy homogenizer (NIPPON Genetics EUROPE GmbH, Dueren, Germany) for 10 min on ice and centrifuged (3-30KS, Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany) at 1000 xg, 4 ºC for 10 min. The supernatant is decanted into a new Eppendorf tube and kept till used at -80°C ultra-freezer (Daihan Scientific, Korea) (Abd El-Nabi et al, 2014). This procedure was repeated 6 times (biological replicate) in each treatment and the control.…”

“…Fat bodies in bees, like the liver in humans, are responsible for energetic metabolism storage and conversion of protein, fat, and carbohydrates (Arrese and Soulages 2010). Abd El-Nabi et al (2014) reported a high increase in the total proteins content and total carbohydrate with a diet supplement. Treatment of honeybee colonies with antibacterial such as Marjoram oil, oxalic acid, and tylosin caused a reduction of the worker hemolymph protein levels (Nafea et al, 2013).…”

Determination of Amino Acids in Royal Jelly Produced by Honeybees (ApismelliferaL.), Fed on Brewer’s Yeast and Yeast Extract Diets

“…In contrast,Since international beekeepingand Brazilian; products are demandincreasingly, special care is necessary to ensure that final product composition not affectedin use of artificial supplementationthus ensuring both honeybees and customers health of (Brasil, 2007).Due to theRJ high proteincontent, honeybees need a diet rich in sugars, fatty acids,vitamins, minerals, and all essential amino acids from pollen consumption with a small possible addition of honey (Winston, 1987;Schmidt,et al, 1992;Lercker,et al, 1993). Many authors' evaluate effect of artificial supplements and pollen substitute diets to possibility of improving productivity honeybee colonies quantity and quantity (Zidan;Abd El-Naby, 2012;Abd El-Naby;Zidan, 2014;Abd El-Wahab,etal., 2016). The recent discovery that RJproteins may have physiological functions as suppressors of allergic reactions, as well as their established anti-hypertensive and proliferation stimulatory proper-ties, opened a new era in application of RJ and honey (Okamoto,etal., 2003).…”