Activity measurement of 
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 through the decay of 
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 and confirmation of its half-life

Ostdiek, Karen; Anderson, T.; Bauder, W.; Bowers, Matthew T.; Clark, Adam M.; Collon, P.; Lu, Wenting; Nelson, A.; Robertson, Daniel; Skulski, Michael; Dressler, R.; Schumann, D.; Greene, J. P.; Kutschera, W.; Paul, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.95.055809

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…60 Fe is unstable with a relatively long half-life of 2.62 Myr. This terrestrial half-life is well determined, with two recent experiments (Wallner et al, 2015b;Ostdiek et al, 2017) confirming the half-life of 2.62 Myr presented by Rugel et al (2009), and, initially surprising, 75% longer than the previous standard value (Kutschera et al, 1984). The decay and level scheme is shown in Figure 28.…”

Section: Nuclear Properties Of 60 Fesupporting

confidence: 75%

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

Diehl,

Lugaro,

Heger

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The cosmic evolution of the chemical elements from the Big Bang to the present time is driven by nuclear fusion reactions inside stars and stellar explosions. A cycle of matter recurrently re-processes metal-enriched stellar ejecta into the next generation of stars. The study of cosmic nucleosynthesis and of this matter cycle requires the understanding of the physics of nuclear reactions, of the conditions at which the nuclear reactions are activated inside the stars and stellar explosions, of the stellar ejection mechanisms through winds and explosions, and of the transport of the ejecta towards the next cycle, from hot plasma to cold, star-forming gas. Due to the long timescales of stellar evolution, and because of the infrequent occurrence of stellar explosions, observational studies are challenging, as they have biases in time and space as well as different sensitivities related to the various astronomical methods. Here, we describe in detail the astrophysical and nuclear-physical processes involved in creating two radioactive isotopes useful in such studies, 26 Al and 60 Fe. Due to their radioactive lifetime of the order of a million years these isotopes are suitable to characterise simultaneously the processes of nuclear fusion reactions and of interstellar transport. We describe and discuss the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of 26 Al and 60 Fe, the key characteristics of the stellar sites of their nucleosynthesis and their interstellar journey after ejection from the nucleosynthesis sites. This allows us to connect the theoretical astrophysical aspects to the variety of astronomical messengers presented here, from stardust and cosmic-ray composition measurements, through observation of γ rays produced by radioactivity, to material deposited in deep-sea ocean crusts and to the inferred composition of the first solids that have formed in the Solar System. We show that considering measurements of the isotopic ratio of 26 Al to 60 Fe eliminate some of the unknowns when interpreting astronomical results, and discuss the lessons learned from these two isotopes on cosmic chemical evolution. This review paper has emerged from an ISSI-BJ Team project in 2017-2019, bringing together nuclear physicists, astronomers, and astrophysicists in this inter-disciplinary discussion.

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Section: Nuclear Properties Of 60 Fesupporting

confidence: 75%

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

Diehl,

Lugaro,

Heger

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…A number of half-life measurements were performed with this material by several research groups, beginning in 2009 by Rugel et al [14], with a new value of (2.62±0.04)·10 6 years in remarkable disagreement with the formerly accepted value of 1.5·10 6 years of Kutschera et al [15], followed by Wallner et.al. (2.50±0.12)·10 6 years [16]), confirming the " Rugel "-value and a third measurement in Argonne [17] with (2.69±0.28)·10 6 years also in agreement with the latter two. Studies aimed to determine the neutron capture cross section of 60 Fe both at thermal and stellar temperatures have been conducted as well [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Production and characterization of 60Fe standards for accelerator mass spectrometry

2019

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Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is one of the most sensitive analysis techniques to measure long-lived radionuclides, reaching detection limits for isotopic ratios down to 10 −15 –10 −16 in special cases. Its application portfolio covers nearly every field of environmental research, considering processes in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and the cosmosphere. Normally, AMS measures the content of isotopes in comparison to a validated standard. However, in some cases like for example 60 Fe, well characterized standard materials are difficult to produce due to the extreme rareness of the isotope. We report here on the manufacturing of a set of 60 Fe standards, obtained by processing irradiated copper from a beam dump of the high-power proton accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The isotopic ratios of the standards have been adjusted via a dilution series of a master solution, isotopic content of which has been characterized by Multi Collector–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). In total, we produced three samples with isotopic ratios of 1.037(6)·10 −8 , 1.125(7)·10 −10 and 1.234 (7)·10 -12 , respectively. The latter had already been applied in three pioneering AMS studies investigating the remaining signal of injected matter of nearby super novae explosions in sediment archives.

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“…The 60 Fe half‐life has been under debate for the last few decades. The value of T 1/2 = 2.61 ± 0.04 Ma determined by Rugel et al (2009) was confirmed recently by additional independent measurements (Wallner et al 2015; Ostdiek et al 2017). The new value is one order of magnitude higher than the first estimate of T 1/2 = 0.3 ± 0.9 Ma (Roy and Kohman 1957) and ~75% higher than the previously adopted value of T 1/2 = 1.49 ± 0.27 Ma (Kutschera et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

⁵³Mn and ⁶⁰Fe in iron meteorites—New data, model calculations

Leya

David

Froehlich

et al. 2020

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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We measured specific activities of the long-lived cosmogenic radionuclides 60 Fe in 28 iron meteorites and 53 Mn in 41 iron meteorites. Accelerator mass spectrometry was applied at the 14 MV Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility at ANU Canberra for all samples except for two which were measured at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory, Munich. For the large iron meteorite Twannberg (IIG), we measured six samples for 53 Mn. This work doubles the number of existing individual 60 Fe data and quadruples the number of iron meteorites studied for 60 Fe. We also significantly extended the entire 53 Mn database for iron meteorites. The 53 Mn data for the iron meteorite Twannberg vary by more than a factor of 30, indicating a significant shielding dependency. In addition, we performed new model calculations for the production of 60 Fe and 53 Mn in iron meteorites. While the new model is based on the same particle spectra as the earlier model, we no longer use experimental cross sections but instead use cross sections that were calculated using the latest version of the nuclear model code INCL. The new model predictions differ substantially from results obtained with the previous model. Predictions for the 60 Fe activity concentrations are about a factor of two higher; for 53 Mn, they are~30% lower, compared to the earlier model, which gives now a better agreement with the experimental data.

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Activity measurement of Fe60 through the decay of Co60m and confirmation of its half-life

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

Production and characterization of 60Fe standards for accelerator mass spectrometry

⁵³Mn and ⁶⁰Fe in iron meteorites—New data, model calculations

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Activity measurement of Fe60 through the decay of Co60m and confirmation of its half-life

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

The Radioactive Nuclei $^{\textbf{26}}$Al and $^{\textbf{60}}$Fe in the Cosmos and in the Solar System

Production and characterization of 60Fe standards for accelerator mass spectrometry

53Mn and 60Fe in iron meteorites—New data, model calculations

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Product

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⁵³Mn and ⁶⁰Fe in iron meteorites—New data, model calculations