Activity of Chlordimeform-HCl and Chlordimeform Against Arthropods Attacking Cotton12

Wolfenbarger, Dan A.; Cantu, Eliud; Lingren, P. D.; Guerra, Jesús Alberto Torres

doi:10.1093/jee/67.3.445

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A second effect of chlordimeform on fecundity arises through its direct sterilizing action, causing both decreased egg production and diminished hatchability in both lepidopterans (17,33) and ticks (34). In the case of the bollworm, reduced fecundity may carry over into subsequent generations (33).…”

Section: Biological Activity and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, biological activity, and uses of formamidine pesticides.

Hollingworth¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

134

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The formamidines, a relatively new group of acaricide-insecticides, are novel both in their range of biological activities and in their mode of action, which is presently unknown. This paper is a review of the historical development, properties, structures, uses, and chemistry of this group of pesticides, with particular emphasis on chlordimeform (Galecron or Fundal), N'-4-chloro-o-tolyl-N,N-dimethylformamidine, and amitraz, 1,3=di-(2,4-dimethylphenylimino)-2-methyl-2-azapropane. Their biological activity and uses are defined by their toxicity to spider mites, ticks, and certain insects, and they are particularly effective against juvenile and resistant forms of these organisms. A significant, but poorly understood feature of their field effectiveness is their breadth of toxic action which includes direct lethality, excitant-repellant behavioral effects, and chemosterilization. They are generally of low hazard for nontarget species with the significant exception of predaceous mites. Several aspects of the chemistry of these compounds are considered, including structure--activity relations, synthetic pathways, isomerism and configuration, and their chemical and environmental stability. A significant feature of the metabolism and toxicity of these agents is the possible activation of chlordimeform by N-demethylation in vivo. Strong evidence for this has been presented with the cattle tick, but recent results discussed here suggest that in other species, i.e., mice, German cockroaches or black cutworm eggs, N-demethylation is neither a strong activation nor a detoxication reaction.

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Section: Biological Activity and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, biological activity, and uses of formamidine pesticides.

Hollingworth¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

134

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“…has shown much lower susceptibility of eggs of H . punctigera and both slrains of H. armigera than was found by Wolfenbarger et al (1974) for H . virescens.…”

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confidence: 53%

ACTIVITY OF CHLORDIMEFORM AGAINST ORGANOCHLORINE RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM NEW SOUTH WALES

Clift¹

1976

Australian Journal of Entomology

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Chlordimeform showed both ovicidal and larvicidal activity in the laboratory against eggs and first instar larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hiibner) and H. punctigera Wallengren. H. armigera eggs were less susceptible than those of H. punctigera but there was no significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of H. armigera. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to chlordimeform between first instar larvae of the three strains.Chlordimeform, first evaluated as an ovicide against Lepidoptera by Dittrich (l967), showed both contact and vapour activity. In laboratory work on Heliothis virescens (F.), Wolfenbarger et al. (1974) showed that complete mortality of eggs could be obtained using chlordimeform hydrochloride in water.Both H. puncrigera Wallengren and H. armigera (Hubner) damage cotton in N.S.W. (W. E. Wright, pers. comm. 1973). H. armigera has developed resistance to organochlorine insecticides in N.S.W., but there is no evidence of resistance in H. punctigera (Goodyer et al. 1975). Chlordimeform has been used commercially since 1973 against both species of Heliothis on cotton in New South Wales without precise evaluation.This paper reports laboratory results on the activity of chlordimeform against eggs, larvae that hatched from treated eggs, and first instar larvae of susceptible and organochlorine-resistant strains of Heliothis spp.The ovicidal work was done during the first three laboratory generations of three cultures started in spring 1973. These were H.punctigerafrom Bathurst, organochlorine-susceptible H. armigera from Windsor and organochlorine-resistant H. armigera from Wee Waa. The larvicidal work was also done during the first three laboratory generations of three cultures started in summer 1974 from the same areas. All testing and culturing was done at 27OC f 1.5 O C ; 14 h light: 10 h dark; the relative humidity was not regulated. All larvae were reared on the diet developed by Patana (1969) and adults were fed 10% sucrose solution.Eggs laid on Whatman ashless filter paper during the previous night were used for the ovicidal test. Squares, side 2 cm, bearing at least 20 eggs, were treated with 50 p1 of acetonic solution of an emulsifiable concentrate of chlordimeform (Acaron @50%) or with acetone for the controls. The numbers of eggs were counted shortly after treatment. After drying each paper square was placed on top of a small amount of Patana's diet in a labelled glass phial, 10 cm x 2.5 cm diameter. The phial was closed with a layer of paper towelling and a cork in which an 0.5 cm diameter hole had been made. The numbers of unhatched eggs (eggs in which the chorion had not been broken) and surviving larvae were counted three d after hatching. The surviving larvae did not eat the unhatched eggs, although they did eat the chorion of the egg from which they hatched. The method was selected to determine both egg mortality and mortality of the larvae that hatched from treated eggs. Three replicates, that is a total of at least 60 eggs, per dose we...

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“…This probably results from reduced feeding during the period immediately following treatment (Blackwell, 1987). There is also evidence that feeding formamidines to noctuid larvae affects later developmental stages (Wolfenbarger et al, 1974;Davenport & Wright, 1987) and rearing P.. brassicae larvae on chlordimeform-dipped leaves severely affects their survival (Blackwell, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The disruption of aggregation behaviour in Pieris brassicae larvae by chlordimeform

Blackwell

1988

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The behavioural basis for the reduction in feeding caused by the formamidine pesticide chlordimeform was investigated in second‐instar larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. Normally, these caterpillars feed communally. On chlordimeform‐dipped leaves (10‐6 M‐10‐2 M) they rapidly became excited, locomotion increased and only unstable aggregations formed in which any feeding was usually transient. Over 24 h excitation declined, aggregations re‐formed and feeding was resumed. However, between 24 and 30 h, on leaves treated with chlordimeform solutions of 10‐4 M or greater, larvae dispersed again. By altering the density of larvae on control discs a direct link was revealed between clump size and larval growth rates. It is concluded that, in species which feed gregariously, interference with larval aggregation contributes significantly to chlordimeform's effects on feeding and its involvement in a sublethal control mechanism in the field is discussed. Résumé Altération du comportement d'agrégation des chenilles de Pieris brassicae par le chlordiméforme Un des effets sublétaux du chlordiméforme, insecticide formamidine, est une réduction de la prise de nourriture, par suite de l'altération du comportement. Celle‐ci implique une action stimulant l'activité locomotrice du quatrième stade de P. brassicae L., moins sensible aux effets sur l'alimentation. Le but de ce travail est d'examiner comment le chlordiméforme agit sur le comportement des chenilles du second stade. Des chenilles sur des feuilles trempées dans le chlordiméforme (10‐6 à 10‐2) sont vite excitées, leur déplacements s'accélèrent et les groupements formés sont tous instables, l'alimentation y étant généralement éphémère. L'excitation se réduit au bout de 24 heures, le groupements se reforment, et l'alimentation reprend, bien que pour les concentrations ≥ 10‐4 M, les chenilles aient été encore dispersées entre 24 et 30 heures, au moment où elles commençaient à s'alimenter sur les résidus de chlordiméforme. La perturbation de la concentration des chenilles sur des disques témoins a montré une relation directe entre la taille du groupe et le taux de croissance larvaire. Nous en avons conclu que chez les espèces de lépidoptères qui consomment groupées, une interaction avec l'agrégation larvaire contribue significativement à l'effet du chlordiméforme sur l'alimentation. La discussion porte sur les conséquences pour la croissance et la survie larvaire, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'installation des chenilles néonates.

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Activity of Chlordimeform-HCl and Chlordimeform Against Arthropods Attacking Cotton12

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Chemistry, biological activity, and uses of formamidine pesticides.

Chemistry, biological activity, and uses of formamidine pesticides.

ACTIVITY OF CHLORDIMEFORM AGAINST ORGANOCHLORINE RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM NEW SOUTH WALES

The disruption of aggregation behaviour in Pieris brassicae larvae by chlordimeform

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