Activity of Drill® lozenges on the main microorganisms responsible for upper respiratory tract infections

Michel, Carole; Salvatico, Sylvie; Belkhelfa, Haouaria; Haddioui, L.; Roques, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2012.09.009

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In concordance with our results, chlorhexidine-based antiseptic in the form of lozenges was effective in the treatment of a sore throat in patients with upper respiratory infection (17). In the form of an oral spray, chlorhexidine-lidocaine was also as effective and safe as a product based on echinacea and sage (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Lysozyme, Benzydamine and Chlorhexidine Oral Spray in the Treatment of Acute Tonsillopharyngitis - Results of a Pilot Study

Golac-Guzina

Novaković

Sarajlić

et al. 2019

ama

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Objective. Lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial and immunomodulatory enzyme, which is produced as a host response to infectious agents. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of lysozyme-based versus benzydamine and chlorhexidinebased oral spray in patients with an acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with a common cold.Patients and Methods. A prospective twoarm pilot study (lysozyme/cetylpyridinium/lidocaine spray versus: benzydamine spray—arm 1; chlorhexidine/lidocaine spray—arm 2) was conducted in the primary health care unit. Efficacy was evaluated by the patient’s self-assessment of pain, difficulty in swallowing and the throat swelling, by using the visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and three follow-up visits. Safety was evaluated by the assessment of the frequency and severity of adverse effects.Results. Lysozyme-based spray reduced pain faster than benzydamine-based spray and slower than chlorhexidine-based spray. Lysozyme-based and chlorhexidinebased sprays similarly reduced difficulty in swallowing, but were faster than benzydamine-based spray. Similar effects on the reduction of throat swelling were seen in all treated groups. All tested products showed proper safety and were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported.Conclusions. The lysozyme-based oral spray was shown to be effective and safe in the reduction of pain, difficulty in swallowing and throat swelling in patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with a common cold. Lysozyme-based oral spray (containing natural compound with advantages of influencing immune system and preventing recurrences) had similar activity to benzydamine and chlorhexidine-based oral antiseptic sprays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Lysozyme, Benzydamine and Chlorhexidine Oral Spray in the Treatment of Acute Tonsillopharyngitis - Results of a Pilot Study

Golac-Guzina

Novaković

Sarajlić

et al. 2019

ama

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“…A lozenge containing 3 mg of chlorohexidine and 0.2 mg of tetracycline per lozenge known as Drill® has been proven to show antibacterial and antiviral activity in vitro antimicrobial assay of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and H1N1 virus. These in vitro tests substantiate the use of this lozenge in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections such as sore throat [42].…”

Section: Chlorohexidine and Tetracycline Lozengessupporting

confidence: 62%

The Research Updates and Prospects of Herbal Hard-Boiled Lozenges: A Classical Platform With Promising Drug Delivery Potential

Sahoo¹,

Male²,

Varier³

2021

Int J App Pharm

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Over the past decades major focus has been given towards innovative drug delivery systems and new dosage forms. This is due to highly expensive process and high attrition rates of existing marketed drugs. Hard-boiled lozenges (HBLs) are one of the solid dosage form designed to release the drug in saliva for either local or systemic effects. Typical application of lozenegs includes throat infection, pharyngitis, cough suppressant, nasal-decongestant, expectorants, and smoking cessation. The drug delivery through the hard-boiled candies has an easy marketing advantage due to its attractive appearance and patient compliance. As a part of the drug is absosrbed into systemic circulation, gastrointestinal degradation and fast pass effects are avoided. Further, drug delivery through hard-boiled lozenges can be potential platform for some of the suitable drug candidates. This review on hard-boiled lozenges discusses manufacturing process, characterization techniques, quality control, research studies and market potential of hard-boiled lozenges. The major databases searched were, PubMed, Wiley Online, Medline, Elsevier, Google scholar, Scopus, ACS, The Royal Society of Chemistry, SciFinder, Baidu Scholars, CNKI, web of science, Cochrane database, US Patents, Espacenet and various business reviews. This review provides comprehensive information on hard-boiled lozenges that will help the pharmaceutical scientist from academia as well pharmaceutical industry to leverage the potential of this conventional dosage form for various herbal drugs and other pharmaceutical actives.

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“…Isatidis Radix, the root of Isatis indigotica Fort, has been used to treat colds, fever, sore throat, mumps, and tonsillitis in clinics for thousands of years in China [1,2]. Inflammatory response is a common process of the diseases associated with bacterial or viral infections on the upper respiratory tract [3][4][5]. Isatidis Radix was also reported to have the antiinflammatory [1][2][3], antivirus [6], antibacterial [7], and immune regulatory effects [8], which were attributed to syringic acid, isoquinoline derivatives, and flavonoids [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acidic Fraction of Isatidis Radix Regulates Inflammatory Response in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages through MAPKs and NF-κB Pathway

Fan

Cai

Wang

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Isatidis Radix, the dried root of Isatidis indigotica Fort, is a traditional heat-clearing and detoxicating herb, which has the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity and immune regulation. It has been widely used to treat cold, fever, sore throat, mumps, and tonsillitis in clinics. A previous study demonstrated that the acidic fraction of Isatidis Radix (RIAF) had strong anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism of action was not well elucidated. Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells were employed to observe the anti-inflammatory activity of RIAF. The level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Western blot was performed to quantify the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-jun NH2-termianl kinase (JNK), p38, inducible NO synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, andnuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to quantify the translocation and the binding-DNA activity of NF-κB. RIAF could inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO, other than TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS were downregulated by treatment with RIAF. Meanwhile, data from the signal pathway exhibited that RIAF significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 and reduced the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to nucleus, as well as the binding-DNA activity. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of RIAF was to reduce inflammation-associated gene expression (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6) by regulating the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and interventing the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which partly illustrated the basis of treatment of Isatidis Radix on cold, fever, sore throat, mumps, and tonsillitis in clinics.

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Activity of Drill® lozenges on the main microorganisms responsible for upper respiratory tract infections

Abstract: These in vitro tests confirm the value of chlorhexidine lozenges in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections such as sore throat.

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Lysozyme, Benzydamine and Chlorhexidine Oral Spray in the Treatment of Acute Tonsillopharyngitis - Results of a Pilot Study

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Lysozyme, Benzydamine and Chlorhexidine Oral Spray in the Treatment of Acute Tonsillopharyngitis - Results of a Pilot Study

The Research Updates and Prospects of Herbal Hard-Boiled Lozenges: A Classical Platform With Promising Drug Delivery Potential

The Acidic Fraction of Isatidis Radix Regulates Inflammatory Response in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages through MAPKs and NF-κB Pathway

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