Activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal axis (HPI axis) and immune response in carp lines with different susceptibility to disease

Abstract

The stress response transmitted by the HPA axis is one of the best examples of neuroendocrine-immune interactions that are critical for survival. Analogous to the situation in mammals, the stress response in fish is characterized by the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI). Effects of cortisol on the fish immune system comply with findings in mammals and suggest that the differences in sensitivity to stress will influence the immune response and as a consequence of survival. Therefore, we studied the stress response and its immunity-related effects in four different carp lines (R3, R3xR8, K and R2) that display a differential pathogen susceptibility. Previous studies indicate that R3xR8 and R3 carp are susceptible to bacterial and parasite infection, while R2 and K are relatively resistant to infection. Interestingly, the most striking effect of stress on leukocyte composition and activity was observed in the pathogen-resistant K carp, even though no robust changes in gene expression of stress-involved factors were observed. In contrast, R3 carp showed no spectacular stress-induced changes in their immunological parameters with concurrent significant activation of the HPI axis. Upon stress, the R3 carp showed up-regulation of crf, pomc and gr2 gene expression in the hypothalamus. Furthermore in R3 carp, at all levels of the HPI axis, stress induced the highest up-regulation of il-1β gene expression. Although we are aware of the complexity of the interactions between stress and pathogen susceptibility and of the risk of interpretation based on correlations, it is noteworthy that the fish more susceptible to infection also exhibited the highest response to stress.

Differential effects of exposure to parasites and bacteria on stress response in turbotScophthalmus maximussimultaneously stressed by low water depth

“…The magnitude of the increase was also comparable with that observed in comparable studies in different fish species under HSD. These include gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. 1758 (Montero et al, 1999;Sangiao-Alvarellos et al, 2005), Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Bolasina et al, 2006), Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858 (Costas et al, 2008;Salas-Leiton et al, 2010) O. mykiss (Ruane et al, 1999(Ruane et al, , 2000Conde-Sieira et al, 2010a,b;Otero-Rodiño et al, 2015;Yarahmadi et al, 2016) and carp Cyprinus carpio L. 1758 (Pijanowski et al, 2015). The effects of raised levels of cortisol were not apparent in terms of changes in the levels of glucose and lactate in plasma.…”

Polish Scientists in Fish Immunology: A Short History

“…It is great to see that more and more genetic markers became available for breeding fish for resistance to diseases in the future. A recent and exciting finding is dealing with differences in the stress response in carp lines known to express different susceptibility to disease [ 54 ]. In the pathogen-resistant K carp line, there was a striking effect of stress on leukocyte composition and activity, even though no robust changes in gene expression of stress-involved factors were observed.…”

“… d Magdalena Chadzińska ( Figure 11 ) has developed a very successful co-operation with Lidy Verburg-Van Kemenade, Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University-WUR, Wageningen (NL) during the last 10 years. They and their staff have trained numerous MSc and PhD students and published more than 20 papers on subjects dealing with macrophages, inflammation, and neuro-immune interactions in fish [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 54 , 61 ]. e The Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Chybie (PL) (Project leaders: Andrzej Pilarczyk, Figure 5 ; Ilgiz Irnazarow, Figure 12 ) has been co-operating with several foreign groups supported by the EU Marie Curie Training Network PARITY “Integrated approach to the innate immune response to parasites in fish” (2002–2006) and NEMO “Training network on protective immune modulation in warm water fish by feeding glucans” (2008–2012).…”

“…Magdalena Chadzińska ( Figure 11 ) has developed a very successful co-operation with Lidy Verburg-Van Kemenade, Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University-WUR, Wageningen (NL) during the last 10 years. They and their staff have trained numerous MSc and PhD students and published more than 20 papers on subjects dealing with macrophages, inflammation, and neuro-immune interactions in fish [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 54 , 61 ].…”

The genomics of heat stress and immune response in chickens

“…The anterior hypothalamus, in conjunction with the pituitary gland, regulate body temperature (Bligh 1966). Many studies have investigated that stress activates the hypothalamus is associated with decreases in immune response (Cao et al 2013;Dhabhar 2014;Eskilsson et al 2014;Herman et al 2013;Pijanowski et al 2015). Microarray has been used to characterize the hypothalamus response to heat stress in broilers where 1,239 differentially expressed genes were identified.…”