Activity spaces: measures of social exclusion?

Schönfelder, Stefan; Axhausen, Kay W.

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2003.07.002

Cited by 381 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This issue should be considered in future, more comprehensive, research Activity spaces are defined as all of the locations an individual personally experiences as a result of his or her daily activities (Miller, 1991). They consist of the locations that an individual has visited and the routes and areas they have travelled through (Schönfelder & Axhausen, 2003). Research shows that the type of locations in which youths spend their time are varied and geographically dispersed, and are not captured by traditional geographical boundaries such as census tract, home neighborhood, or block group (Mason, Cheung, & Walker, 2004;Mason & Mennis, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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Word Count: 2,082 words Key Words: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use ABSTRACTWe explored whether exposure to tobacco outlets in youths' broader activity spaces differs from that obtained using traditional geographic measures of exposure to tobacco outlet within buffers around homes and schools. Youths completed an initial survey, daily textprompted surveys, and carried GPS-enabled phones for one week. GPS locations were geocoded and activity spaces were constructed by joining sequential points. We calculated the number of tobacco outlets around these polylines and around homes and schools. Results suggest that activity spaces provide a more accurate measure of tobacco outlet exposures than traditional measures. Assessing tobacco outlet exposure within activity spaces may yield significant information to advance the field.KEY WORDS: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use BACKGROUNDExposure to tobacco outlets may be an important factor in initiation and use of tobacco by adolescents. In particular, such exposure may increase access to tobacco, exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion, and exposure to others who use tobacco. All of these factors are related to youth tobacco use (Botello-Harbaum et al., 2009;Carpenter & Cook, 2008;DiFranza, Savageau, & Fletcher, 2009;Ding, 2003;Henriksen, Feighery, Wang, & Fortmann, 2004;Henriksen, Schleicher, Feighery, & Fortmann, 2010;Lipperman-Kreda, Grube, & Friend, 2012;Wakefield & Chaloupka, 2000). Controls over the number of tobacco outlets and their distance from residential areas or schools are frequently advocated approaches to reduce youth exposure and access to tobacco products and thus their tobacco use.A modest body of cross-sectional research has investigated the association between exposure to tobacco outlets around schools or residential areas and tobacco use among youths (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008;Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; LippermanKreda et al., 2014b; Lovato, Hsu, Sabiston, Hadd, & Nykiforuk, 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Novak, Reardon, Raudenbush, & Buka, 2006;Pokorny, Jason, & Schoeny, 2003;West et al., 2010). Results of these studies are mixed. Some studies have found no or small effects (Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; Lovato et al., 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Pokorny et al., 2003) and others have shown stronger associations with youth smoking (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008; Lipperman-Kreda et al., 2014b;Novak et al., 2006;West et al., 2010).The existing research, however, has considered exposure to tobacco outlets based on defined administrative units (e.g., census tract or ZIP code) or buffers (typically 0.5 to 1 mile) surrounding youths' homes or schools. These approaches fail to capture exposure to tobacco outlets in the broader environment where youths spend their time (i.e., activity spaces). For example, outlets that sell tobacco to youths may not be located near schools or homes, but rather located on the travel paths from schools to homes or around other important spaces such as com...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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“…When depicting the daily activity space of an individual, the most widely used measurements are standard ellipse based on home and work place, standard circle, minimum convex polygon, standard distance ellipse (SDE), and kernel densities (Schönfelder & Axhausen 2003), as shown in Figure 3. By constructing a smallest possible ellipse to cover the activities with a certain probability (e.g.…”

Section: Collective Activity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeling Residential Community Characteristics From Collective Activity Patterns Using Taxi Trip Data

Yan

Fang

2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:There existing a significant social and spatial differentiation in the residential communities in urban city. People live in different places have different socioeconomic background, resulting in various geographically activity patterns. This paper aims to label the characteristics of residential communities in a city using collective activity patterns derived from taxi trip data. Specifically, we first present a method to allocate the O/D (Origin/Destination) points of taxi trips to the land use parcels where the activities taken place in. Then several indices are employed to describe the collective activity patterns, including both activity intensity, travel distance, travel time, and activity space of residents by taking account of the geographical distribution of all O/Ds of the taxi trip related to that residential community. Followed by that, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is introduced to cluster the residential communities with similar activity patterns. In the case study of Wuhan, the residential communities are clearly divided into eight clusters, which could be labelled as ordinary communities, privileged communities, old isolated communities, suburban communities, and so on. In this paper, we provide a new perspective to label the land use under same type from people's mobility patterns with the support of big trajectory data.

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“…[16][17][18][19] While this approach provides a strong indication of the direction of a person's activities within their proximal community, outlier activity points can lead to an overestimation of the size of activity space. [20][21][22][23][24] To address this problem, the current study used a mean circle approach. 17,19 The mean circle method represents one of the earlier attempts to define areas of importance based on the presence of point or line phenomena.…”

Section: Participatory Social Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding perceptions of community participation in persons with severe mental illness: A mixed-methods approach

Day

Lalla

Frederick

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to measure community participation in persons with severe mental illness (SMI) in Toronto, Ontario and outlines a methodological approach for understanding the dimensions of community participation. METHODS:A mixed methods approach was used to define activity spaces through participatory mapping and a qualitative survey interview for participants (N = 31), selected through a stratified purposeful sampling strategy. Five neighbourhoods in Toronto were sampled in an attempt to obtain an ethnically diverse sample. Participants were interviewed over the study period and asked to draw maps indicating places that constituted their community. A qualitative interview was also administered to understand participants' perceptions of their communities. Point locations from the mapping exercise were used to measure and construct activity spaces using a mean circle approach; outlying locations were simultaneously recorded. Observed spatial patterns were then analyzed alongside the findings of the qualitative interviews.RESULTS: There were no observed relationships between the number of locations reported by participants and the resultant activity space or outlier count. There were no quantitative relationships between activity space size and perceptions of community by participants. However, qualitative data revealed that a number of underlying factors (mental health status and associated stigma; relationships with friends and family; cultural background; income; and neighbourhood safety) influenced participants' activity spaces. CONCLUSIONS:These results highlight the ways that community participation is influenced by an interplay of determinants, all of which have implications for service delivery and population-level interventions. They also point to the importance of mixed methods approaches in spatial analysis.KEY WORDS: Mental health; community; schizophrenia; spatial analysis La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Activity spaces: measures of social exclusion?

Cited by 381 publications

References 15 publications

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

Labeling Residential Community Characteristics From Collective Activity Patterns Using Taxi Trip Data

Understanding perceptions of community participation in persons with severe mental illness: A mixed-methods approach

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