2022
DOI: 10.1177/14730952221139587
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Actors, arenas and aims: A conceptual framework for public participation

Abstract: This paper systematises knowledge of public participation by bringing together existing concepts and theories from planning literature to conceptualise the 3A 3 -framework of participation. The framework presents participation as an emergent phenomenon, shaped by the dimensions: actors, arenas and aims. Each of these dimensions consists of three interacting elements. The framework highlights interdependencies between these elements and reflects them in the light of their embeddedness in planning processes and … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…The work was theoretically underpinned by the 3A 3 Framework of Participation. This framework brings together theory and concepts to provide new insights into how the key elements that make up public participation, including instances of co‐production and co‐creation, 8 interact. This framework considers who we hoped to involve including how they would be recruited and what their roles would be, where/how involvement would occur as well as the aims, rationale and outcomes from involvement and potential issues that may arise 8 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The work was theoretically underpinned by the 3A 3 Framework of Participation. This framework brings together theory and concepts to provide new insights into how the key elements that make up public participation, including instances of co‐production and co‐creation, 8 interact. This framework considers who we hoped to involve including how they would be recruited and what their roles would be, where/how involvement would occur as well as the aims, rationale and outcomes from involvement and potential issues that may arise 8 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This framework brings together theory and concepts to provide new insights into how the key elements that make up public participation, including instances of co‐production and co‐creation, 8 interact. This framework considers who we hoped to involve including how they would be recruited and what their roles would be, where/how involvement would occur as well as the aims, rationale and outcomes from involvement and potential issues that may arise 8 . Furthermore, when designing, implementing and evaluating the workshops, we followed UK Standards for Public Involvement 9 and Table 1 summarises the project's activities according to these standards.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…
First, I want to congratulate Katrin Hofer and David Kaufmann on their excellent article on public participation (Hofer and Kaufmann, 2023). Their review of the literature is informative and insightful, and their 3A 3 model offers a potentially useful framework for future researchers.The comments that follow are not critiques, but meant to be helpful to the authors and others interested in this topic, both as producers and/or consumers of research.
…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, I want to congratulate Katrin Hofer and David Kaufmann on their excellent article on public participation (Hofer and Kaufmann, 2023). Their review of the literature is informative and insightful, and their 3A 3 model offers a potentially useful framework for future researchers.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…
We are grateful to Ernest R. Alexander for his sincere engagement with our article (Hofer & Kaufmann, 2023) and for taking the time to write his comment. We are happy to be given the opportunity to clarify the intention of our article and to acknowledge potential ambivalences that arise from an open and interdisciplinary approach.
…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%